Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113 0033, Japan.
Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK.
Eur J Nutr. 2019 Aug;58(5):2037-2050. doi: 10.1007/s00394-018-1762-6. Epub 2018 Jun 27.
Associations between the overall quality of Japanese diets and metabolic risk factors are largely unknown. This cross-sectional study investigated this issue using data from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan.
Dietary intake was assessed by a 1-day weighed dietary record in 15,618 Japanese adults aged ≥ 20 years. Overall diet quality was assessed by adherence to the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top (JFG score), its modified version (modified JFG score), the Mediterranean diet score (MDS) and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score. Metabolic risk factors included BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, total, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol and glycated haemoglobin.
While DASH score was consistently associated with favourable nutrient intake patterns (including higher micronutrient and dietary fibre intakes and lower SFA and sodium intakes), other scores were associated with both favourable and unfavourable aspects (e.g., lower micronutrient intakes for JFG score, higher SFA intakes for modified JFG score and higher sodium intakes for MDS). The associations with metabolic risk factors were also inconsistent and unexpected, including positive associations of JFG and modified JFG scores with LDL-cholesterol, inverse associations of MDS with HDL-cholesterol and null associations of DASH score with blood pressure.
This study did not show expected and consistent associations of the four available diet quality scores with nutrient intakes and metabolic risk factors in Japanese adults. This in turn suggests the need for a scientific base on which to develop an appropriate tool for assessing the quality of diets in the Japanese context.
目前，人们对于日本饮食整体质量与代谢风险因素之间的关联知之甚少。本横断面研究使用日本 2012 年全国健康与营养调查的数据对此进行了探讨。
在 15618 名年龄≥20 岁的日本成年人中，通过 1 天的称重膳食记录评估膳食摄入量。通过日本食物指南陀螺（JFG 评分）、其改良版（改良 JFG 评分）、地中海饮食评分（MDS）和停止高血压的饮食方法（DASH）评分来评估整体饮食质量。代谢风险因素包括 BMI、腰围、血压、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇以及糖化血红蛋白。
虽然 DASH 评分与良好的营养摄入模式始终相关（包括更高的微量营养素和膳食纤维摄入量以及更低的 SFA 和钠摄入量），但其他评分与有利和不利方面都相关（例如，JFG 评分的微量营养素摄入量较低，改良 JFG 评分的 SFA 摄入量较高，MDS 的钠摄入量较高）。与代谢风险因素的关联也是不一致和出乎意料的，包括 JFG 和改良 JFG 评分与 LDL-胆固醇呈正相关，MDS 与 HDL-胆固醇呈负相关，DASH 评分与血压无关联。
本研究并未显示四种可用的饮食质量评分与日本成年人的营养素摄入量和代谢风险因素之间存在预期的和一致的关联。这反过来表明，需要有一个科学的基础，以便在日本背景下开发一种评估饮食质量的适当工具。
