College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia.
College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Exp Eye Res. 2018 Nov;176:147-160. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.07.004. Epub 2018 Jul 4.
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of narrow band, long-wavelength lighting on normal refractive development and the phenomena of lens compensation and form-deprivation myopia (FDM) in infant rhesus monkeys. Starting at 24 and continuing until 151 days of age, 27 infant rhesus monkeys were reared under long-wavelength LED lighting (630 nm; illuminance = 274 ± 64 lux) with unrestricted vision (Red Light (RL) controls, n = 7) or a +3 D (+3D-RL, n = 7), -3 D (-3D-RL, n = 6) or diffuser lens (From Deprivation (FD-RL), n = 7) in front of one eye and a plano lens in front of the fellow eye. Refractive development, corneal power, and vitreous chamber depth were measured by retinoscopy, keratometry, and ultrasonography, respectively. Comparison data were obtained from normal monkeys (Normal Light (NL) controls, n = 39) and lens- (+3D-NL, n = 9; -3D-NL, n = 18) and diffuser-reared controls (FD-NL, n = 16) housed under white fluorescent lighting. At the end of the treatment period, median refractive errors for both eyes of all RL groups were significantly more hyperopic than that for NL groups (P = 0.0001 to 0.016). In contrast to fluorescent lighting, red ambient lighting greatly reduced the likelihood that infant monkeys would develop either FDM or compensating myopia in response to imposed hyperopic defocus. However, as in the +3D-NL monkeys, the treated eyes of the +3D-RL monkeys exhibited relative hyperopic shifts resulting in significant anisometropias that compensated for the monocular lens-imposed defocus (P = 0.001). The red-light-induced alterations in refractive development were associated with reduced vitreous chamber elongation and increases in choroidal thickness. The results suggest that chromatic cues play a role in vision-dependent emmetropization in primates. Narrow-band, long-wavelength lighting prevents the axial elongation typically produced by either form deprivation or hyperopic defocus, possibly by creating direction signals normally associated with myopic defocus.
这项研究的目的是确定窄带长波长照明对正常屈光发育的影响，以及在婴儿恒河猴中晶状体补偿和形觉剥夺性近视（FDM）的现象。从 24 天开始，持续到 151 天，27 只婴儿恒河猴在长波长 LED 照明（630nm；照度=274±64 勒克斯）下饲养，具有不受限制的视觉（红光（RL）对照，n=7）或+3D（+3D-RL，n=7）、-3D（-3D-RL，n=6）或扩散器透镜（来自剥夺（FD-RL），n=7）在前一只眼前面，而在另一只眼前面放置平面透镜。通过视网膜镜、角膜曲率计和超声检查分别测量屈光发育、角膜曲率和玻璃体腔深度。比较数据来自正常猴子（正常光（NL）对照，n=39）和透镜（+3D-NL，n=9；-3D-NL，n=18）和扩散器饲养对照（FD-NL，n=16），它们在白色荧光灯下饲养。在治疗期结束时，所有 RL 组双眼的中位数屈光误差明显高于 NL 组（P=0.0001 至 0.016）。与荧光照明相比，红色环境照明大大降低了婴儿猴子因远视离焦而发展 FDM 或补偿性近视的可能性。然而，与+3D-NL 猴子一样，+3D-RL 猴子的受治疗眼睛表现出相对远视偏移，导致显著的屈光参差，从而补偿了单眼透镜引起的离焦（P=0.001）。红色光引起的屈光发育变化与玻璃体腔伸长减少和脉络膜厚度增加有关。结果表明，色觉线索在灵长类动物的视觉依赖性正视化中发挥作用。窄带长波长照明可防止由形觉剥夺或远视离焦引起的眼轴伸长，这可能是通过产生与近视离焦通常相关的方向信号来实现的。
