Department of Applied Psychology, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
Manhattan Center for Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, New York, NY, USA.
J Behav Med. 2019 Feb;42(1):102-110. doi: 10.1007/s10865-018-9942-7. Epub 2018 Jul 10.
The period of recovery following a lung-cancer surgery presents unique challenges and psychological demands. The study utilized ecological momentary assessments (EMA) to repeatedly sample mindfulness states in a sample of mindfulness-untrained individuals following hospital discharge. Intra- and inter- individual variability was assessed to examine cancer patients' natural capacity to exhibit mindfulness states during two weeks of recovery. Fifty nine stage I lung cancer patients (61% women, mean age = 66.1, SD = 7.9) completed EMA twice a day for two weeks. Mean level of mindfulness in the sample was low and equaled .49 (SD = .51) on the 5 point scale, with older participants being less likely to endorse mindful states. Net variability in mindfulness, defined as the person-based standard deviation in momentary scores, equaled .42 (SD = .26), ranging for 0 to 1.3 and indicating very modest variability for most participants. Results of the multi-level variance partitioning model revealed 41.4% of variance in mindfulness scores at the inter-individual, 2.4% on the temporal (i.e., .2% weekly and 2.2% daily), and 56.2% on the momentary levels. Findings indicate that, for cancer patients recovering from surgery, the innate ability to exhibit mindfulness is limited. From the methodological standpoint, consideration of intra-individual variability has implications for conceptualization and design of EMA studies.
肺癌手术后的康复期带来了独特的挑战和心理需求。本研究利用生态瞬时评估（EMA）在出院后的正念训练个体样本中反复采样正念状态。评估个体内和个体间的可变性，以检查癌症患者在两周的恢复期内表现出正念状态的自然能力。59 名 I 期肺癌患者（61%为女性，平均年龄=66.1，标准差=7.9）完成了两周内每天两次 EMA。样本中的正念平均水平较低，等于 5 分制的.49（标准差=.51），年龄较大的参与者不太可能认可正念状态。正念的净可变性，定义为个体内瞬时分数的标准差，等于.42（标准差=.26），范围为 0 到 1.3，表明大多数参与者的可变性非常小。多层次方差分解模型的结果显示，正念得分的个体间差异占 41.4%，时间上（即每周.2%，每天 2.2%）占 2.4%，瞬时水平占 56.2%。研究结果表明，对于手术后正在康复的癌症患者来说，表现出正念的内在能力是有限的。从方法学的角度来看，个体内可变性的考虑对 EMA 研究的概念化和设计具有意义。
