Allen Peter M, Ravensbergen Rianne H J C, Latham Keziah, Rose Amy, Myint Joy, Mann David L
Department of Vision and Hearing Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Vision and Eye Research Unit, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Front Psychol. 2018 Jun 26;9:950. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00950. eCollection 2018.
In order to develop an evidence-based, sport-specific minimum impairment criteria (MIC) for the sport of vision-impaired (VI) shooting, this study aimed to determine the relative influence of losses in visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity (CS) on shooting performance. Presently, VA but not CS is used to determine eligibility to compete in VI shooting. Elite able-sighted athletes ( = 27) shot under standard conditions with their habitual vision, and with their vision impaired by the use of simulation spectacles (filters which reduce both VA and CS) and refractive blur (lenses which reduce VA with less effect on CS). Habitual shooting scores were used to establish a cut-off in order to determine when shooting performance was 'below expected' in the presence of vision impairment. Logistic regression and decision tree analyses were then used to assess the relationship between visual function and shooting performance. Mild reductions in VA and/or CS did not alter shooting performance, with greater reductions required for shooting performance to fall below habitual levels (below 87% of normalized performance). Stepwise logistic regression selected CS as the most significant predictor of shooting performance, with VA subsequently improving the validity of the model. In an unconstrained decision tree analysis, CS was selected as the sole criterion (80%) for predicting 'below expected' shooting score. Shooting performance is better predicted by losses in CS than by VA. Given that it is not presently tested during classification, the results suggest that CS is an important measure to include in testing for the classification of vision impairment for athletes competing in VI shooting.
为了制定基于证据的、针对视力障碍（VI）射击运动的特定运动最低损伤标准（MIC），本研究旨在确定视力（VA）和对比敏感度（CS）损失对射击成绩的相对影响。目前，VI射击比赛的参赛资格是根据VA而非CS来确定的。27名视力正常的精英运动员在标准条件下，分别使用其习惯视力、佩戴模拟眼镜（降低VA和CS的滤光片）以及屈光性模糊镜片（降低VA但对CS影响较小）来模拟视力受损的情况下进行射击。使用习惯射击成绩来确定一个临界值，以便在存在视力障碍时确定射击成绩何时“低于预期”。然后使用逻辑回归和决策树分析来评估视觉功能与射击成绩之间的关系。VA和/或CS的轻度降低并不会改变射击成绩，射击成绩要低于习惯水平（低于标准化成绩的87%）则需要更大程度的降低。逐步逻辑回归选择CS作为射击成绩的最显著预测指标，随后VA提高了模型的有效性。在无约束决策树分析中，CS被选为预测“低于预期”射击成绩的唯一标准（80%）。与VA相比，CS损失能更好地预测射击成绩。鉴于目前在分级过程中未对CS进行测试，研究结果表明，CS是VI射击运动员视力障碍分级测试中一项重要的测量指标。
