Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur Post, Bangalore, 560064, India.
Sci Rep. 2018 Jul 12;8(1):10561. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-28635-z.
Garcinia L. (Clusiaceae) fruits are a rich source of (-)-hydroxycitric acid, and this has gained considerable attention as an anti-obesity agent and a popular weight loss food supplement. In this study, we assessed adulteration of morphologically similar samples of Garcinia using DNA barcoding, and used NMR to quantify the content of (-)-hydroxycitric acid and (-)-hydroxycitric acid lactone in raw herbal drugs and Garcinia food supplements. DNA barcoding revealed that mostly G. gummi-gutta (previously known as G. cambogia) and G. indica were traded in Indian herbal markets, and there was no adulteration. The content of (-)-hydroxycitric acid and (-)-hydroxycitric acid lactone in the two species varied from 1.7% to 16.3%, and 3.5% to 20.7% respectively. Analysis of ten Garcinia food supplements revealed a large variation in the content of (-)-hydroxycitric acid, from 29 mg (4.6%) to 289 mg (50.6%) content per capsule or tablet. Only one product contained quantifiable amounts of (-)-hydroxycitric acid lactone. Furthermore the study demonstrates that DNA barcoding and NMR could be effectively used as a regulatory tool to authenticate Garcinia fruit rinds and food supplements.
藤黄属（藤黄科）的果实是（-）-羟基柠檬酸的丰富来源，作为一种抗肥胖药物和广受欢迎的减肥食品补充剂，这引起了相当大的关注。在这项研究中，我们使用 DNA 条形码评估了形态相似的藤黄属样本的掺假情况，并使用 NMR 定量测定了原料药和藤黄属食品补充剂中（-）-羟基柠檬酸和（-）-羟基柠檬酸内酯的含量。DNA 条形码显示，在印度草药市场上主要交易的是藤黄果（以前称为藤黄果）和印度藤黄，并且没有掺假。这两个物种中（-）-羟基柠檬酸和（-）-羟基柠檬酸内酯的含量分别为 1.7%至 16.3%和 3.5%至 20.7%。对十种藤黄属食品补充剂的分析表明，（-）-羟基柠檬酸的含量存在很大差异，每粒胶囊或片剂的含量从 29mg（4.6%）到 289mg（50.6%）不等。只有一种产品含有可定量的（-）-羟基柠檬酸内酯。此外，该研究表明，DNA 条形码和 NMR 可有效用作鉴定藤黄属果实和食品补充剂的监管工具。
