Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2019;422:157-191. doi: 10.1007/82_2018_114.
Histoplasmosis, caused by the dimorphic environmental fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, is a major mycosis on the global stage. Acquisition of the fungus by mammalian hosts can be clinically silent or it can lead to life-threatening systemic disease, which can occur in immunologically intact or deficient hosts, albeit severe disease is more likely in the setting of compromised cellular immunity. H. capsulatum yeast cells are highly adapted to the mammalian host as they can effectively survive within intracellular niches in select phagocytic cells. Understanding the biological response by both the host and H. capsulatum will facilitate improved approaches to prevent and/or modify disease. This review presents our current understanding of the major pathogenic mechanisms involved in histoplasmosis.
组织胞浆菌病是由二态环境真菌荚膜组织胞浆菌引起的，是全球范围内的主要真菌病之一。哺乳动物宿主获得真菌后可能没有临床症状，也可能导致危及生命的系统性疾病，这种疾病可能发生在免疫完整或缺陷的宿主中，但在细胞免疫受损的情况下更可能发生严重疾病。荚膜组织胞浆菌的酵母细胞高度适应哺乳动物宿主，因为它们可以在特定吞噬细胞的细胞内龛位中有效地存活。了解宿主和荚膜组织胞浆菌的生物学反应将有助于改进预防和/或改变疾病的方法。本文综述了我们目前对组织胞浆菌病相关主要致病机制的理解。
