Loyd Andrew L, Richter Brantlee S, Jusino Michelle A, Truong Camille, Smith Matthew E, Blanchette Robert A, Smith Jason A
School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2018 Jul 16;9:1557. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01557. eCollection 2018.
Species of , commonly called reishi (in Japan) or lingzhi (in China), have been used in traditional medicine for thousands of years, and their use has gained interest from pharmaceutical industries in recent years. Globally, the taxonomy of species is chaotic, and the taxon name has been used for most laccate (shiny) species. However, it is now known that sensu stricto has a limited native distribution in Europe and some parts of China. It is likely that differences in the quality and quantity of medicinally relevant chemicals occur among species. To determine what species are being sold in commercially available products, twenty manufactured products (e.g., pills, tablets, teas, etc.) and seventeen grow your own (GYO) kits labeled as containing were analyzed. DNA was extracted, and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and translation elongation factor 1-alpha () were sequenced with specific fungal primers. The majority (93%) of the manufactured reishi products and almost half of the GYO kits were identified as . is native to Asia and is the most widely cultivated and studied taxon for medicinal use. Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the ITS1 region was performed to determine if multiple species were present. None of the manufactured products tested contained sensu stricto, and it was detected in only one GYO kit. was detected in most products, but other species were also present, including , and . Our results indicate that the content of these products vary and that better labeling is needed to inform consumers before these products are ingested or marketed as medicine. Of the 17 GYO kits tested, 11 kits contained taxa that are not native to the United States. If fruiting bodies of exotic taxa are cultivated, these GYO kits will likely end up in the environment. The effects of these exotic species to natural ecosystems needs investigation.
灵芝属的物种，在日本通常被称为“灵芝”，在中国被称为“灵芝”，已在传统医学中使用了数千年，近年来其用途引起了制药行业的关注。在全球范围内，灵芝属物种的分类混乱，分类单元名称“Ganoderma”已用于大多数具漆样光泽（有光泽）的灵芝物种。然而，现在已知狭义的灵芝在欧洲和中国的一些地区分布有限。不同的灵芝物种在药用相关化学物质的质量和数量上可能存在差异。为了确定市售产品中销售的是哪些物种，对20种制成品（如药丸、片剂、茶等）和17种标有含灵芝的自种（GYO）套装进行了分析。提取DNA，并使用特定的真菌引物对内部转录间隔区（ITS）和翻译延伸因子1-α（TEF1-α）进行测序。大多数（93%）制成的灵芝产品和几乎一半的GYO套装被鉴定为赤芝。赤芝原产于亚洲，是药用方面种植和研究最广泛的分类单元。对ITS1区域进行了Illumina MiSeq测序，以确定是否存在多个灵芝物种。测试的制成品中没有一个含有狭义的灵芝，仅在一个GYO套装中检测到。在大多数产品中检测到了紫芝，但也存在其他灵芝物种，包括树舌灵芝和松杉灵芝。我们的结果表明，这些产品的成分各不相同，在这些产品作为药物摄入或销售之前，需要更好的标签来告知消费者。在测试的17个GYO套装中，有11个套装包含非美国本土的灵芝分类单元。如果种植外来灵芝分类单元的子实体，这些GYO套装很可能最终进入环境。这些外来物种对自然生态系统的影响需要进行调查。
