Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna, SE, Sweden.
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
J Intern Med. 2019 Jan;285(1):19-39. doi: 10.1111/joim.12820. Epub 2018 Sep 12.
Recent advancements in bioanalytical techniques have led to the development of novel and robust diagnostic approaches that hold promise for providing optimal patient treatment, guiding prevention programs and widening the scope of personalized medicine. However, these advanced diagnostic techniques are still complex, expensive and limited to centralized healthcare facilities or research laboratories. This significantly hinders the use of evidence-based diagnostics for resource-limited settings and the primary care, thus creating a gap between healthcare providers and patients, leaving these populations without access to precision and quality medicine. Smartphone-based imaging and sensing platforms are emerging as promising alternatives for bridging this gap and decentralizing diagnostic tests offering practical features such as portability, cost-effectiveness and connectivity. Moreover, towards simplifying and automating bioanalytical techniques, biosensors and lab-on-a-chip technologies have become essential to interface and integrate these assays, bringing together the high precision and sensitivity of diagnostic techniques with the connectivity and computational power of smartphones. Here, we provide an overview of the emerging field of clinical smartphone diagnostics and its contributing technologies, as well as their wide range of areas of application, which span from haematology to digital pathology and rapid infectious disease diagnostics.
近年来，生物分析技术的进步推动了新型强大诊断方法的发展，这些方法有望为患者提供最佳治疗、指导预防计划，并拓宽个性化医疗的范围。然而，这些先进的诊断技术仍然复杂、昂贵，并且仅限于集中式医疗保健机构或研究实验室。这极大地限制了基于证据的诊断在资源有限环境和初级保健中的应用，从而在医疗保健提供者和患者之间造成了差距，使这些人群无法获得精准和高质量的医疗服务。基于智能手机的成像和传感平台作为一种有前途的解决方案，可以弥合这一差距，并实现诊断测试的去中心化，提供便携性、成本效益和连接性等实用功能。此外，为了简化和自动化生物分析技术，生物传感器和芯片实验室技术已成为接口和整合这些检测的必要手段，将诊断技术的高精度和高灵敏度与智能手机的连接性和计算能力结合在一起。在这里，我们概述了临床智能手机诊断领域及其相关技术的新兴发展，以及它们广泛的应用领域，涵盖了从血液学到数字病理学和快速传染病诊断等多个领域。
