World Health Organization, Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.
Vaccine. 2018 Sep 5;36(37):5500-5503. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.06.061. Epub 2018 Aug 11.
This article presented the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommendations on the use of Rabies vaccines excerpted from the Rabies vaccines: WHO position paper - April 2018 published in the Weekly Epidemiological Record [1] This position paper replaces the 2010 WHO position paper on rabies vaccines [2]. It presents new evidence in the field of rabies and the use of rabies vaccines, focussing on programmatic feasibility, simplification of vaccination schedules and improved cost-effectiveness. The recommendations concern the 2 main immunization strategies, namely vaccination for post-exposure prophylaxis and vaccination for pre-exposure prophylaxis. In the context of post-exposure prophylaxis, recommendations are also provided on the use of rabies immunoglobulins. Footnotes to this paper provide a number of core references including references to grading tables that assess the quality of the scientific evidence, and to the evidence-to-recommendation tables. In accordance with its mandate to provide guidance to Member States on health policy matters, WHO issues a series of regularly updated position papers on vaccines and combinations of vaccines against diseases that have an international public health impact. These papers are concerned primarily with the use of vaccines in large-scale immunization programmes; they summarize essential background information on diseases and vaccines, and conclude with WHO's current position on the use of vaccines in the global context. Recommendations on the use of cholera vaccines were discussed by the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) in October 2017; evidence presented at these meetings can be accessed at: http://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2017/october/presentations_background_docs/en/.
本文摘录自《世界卫生组织狂犬病疫苗立场文件-2018 年 4 月》[1]，介绍了世界卫生组织（世卫组织）关于狂犬病疫苗使用的建议。该立场文件取代了 2010 年世卫组织狂犬病疫苗立场文件[2]。本文介绍了狂犬病领域和狂犬病疫苗使用方面的新证据，重点关注方案可行性、简化免疫计划和提高成本效益。建议涉及 2 种主要免疫策略，即暴露后预防接种和暴露前预防接种。在暴露后预防情况下，还就狂犬病免疫球蛋白的使用提供了建议。本文脚注提供了一些核心参考文献，包括评估科学证据质量的分级表参考文献和证据推荐表参考文献。根据其在世卫组织卫生政策事项上向成员国提供指导的任务，世卫组织定期发布关于疫苗和针对具有国际公共卫生影响的疾病的疫苗组合的立场文件。这些文件主要涉及大规模免疫规划中疫苗的使用；它们概括了疾病和疫苗的重要背景信息，并总结了世卫组织在全球背景下使用疫苗的当前立场。关于霍乱疫苗使用的建议已于 2017 年 10 月由战略咨询专家组（SAGE）进行了讨论；这些会议上提交的证据可在以下网址获取：http://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2017/october/presentations_background_docs/en/。
