Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
Curr Microbiol. 2019 Jun;76(6):783-790. doi: 10.1007/s00284-018-1557-2. Epub 2018 Sep 3.
Advancement in research on dyes obtained from natural sources e.g., plants, animals, insects and micro-organisms is widening the application of natural dyes in various fields. The natural dyes substituted their synthetic analogs at the beginning of twentieth century due to their improved quality, value, ease of production, ease of dyeing and some other factors. This era of dominance ended soon when toxic effects of synthetic dyes were reported. In the last few decades, pigments from micro-organisms especially soil derived bacteria is replacing dyes from other natural sources because of the increasing demand for safe, non-toxic, and biodegradable natural product. Apart from application in agriculture practices, cosmetics, textile, food and paper industries, bacterial pigments have additional biological activities e.g., anti-tumor, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, immunosuppressive anti-viral, and many more which make them a potential candidate for pharmaceutical industry. Optimization of culture conditions and fermentation medium is the key strategies for large scale production of these natural dyes. An effort has been done to give an overview of pigments obtained from bacteria of soil origin, their dominance over dyes from other sources (natural and synthetic) and applications in the medical world in the underlying study.
从天然来源（如植物、动物、昆虫和微生物）获得的染料的研究进展正在拓宽天然染料在各个领域的应用。由于天然染料具有更好的质量、价值、易于生产、易于染色等优点，它们在 20 世纪初取代了合成染料。然而，当合成染料的毒性作用被报道后，这种主导地位的时代很快就结束了。在过去的几十年中，由于对安全、无毒和可生物降解的天然产品的需求不断增加，来自微生物（特别是土壤细菌）的色素正在取代来自其他天然来源的染料。除了在农业实践、化妆品、纺织、食品和造纸工业中的应用外，细菌色素还具有额外的生物活性，如抗肿瘤、抗真菌、抗细菌、免疫抑制、抗病毒等，这使得它们成为制药行业的潜在候选药物。优化培养条件和发酵培养基是大规模生产这些天然染料的关键策略。本研究旨在概述土壤来源的细菌产生的色素，及其相对于其他来源（天然和合成）染料的优势，以及在医学领域的应用。
