Chemical Constituents from Species and Their Biological Activities.

The genus belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family, which comprises approximately 1300 species. Many species have been used as folk medicines. This review focuses on the chemical constituents from species and their relevant biological activities, covering the period from 2006 to 2018. A total of 399 new compounds, including 339 diterpenoids, were reported. Diterpenoids are characteristic components of the species. These isolated compounds exhibited a broad spectrum of bioactivities, including cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory, and neurite outgrowth-promoting properties. The present review provides a significant clue for further research of the chemical constituents from the species as potential medicines.