School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, China.
Peking university First Hospital, Beijing, China.
Alzheimers Res Ther. 2018 Sep 15;10(1):93. doi: 10.1186/s13195-018-0421-8.
The principal aim of this study was to demonstrate the gender-specific cognitive patterns among middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults, investigate the risk factors on global and domain-specific cognitive performance in men and women, respectively, and report demographically adjusted norms for cognitive tests.
The Effects and Mechanism of Cholesterol and Oxysterol on Alzheimer's disease (EMCOA) study enrolled 4573 participants aged 50-70 years in three Chinese cities. All participants underwent an extensive neuropsychological test battery. Composite scores for specific domains were derived from principal component analysis (PCA). Multivariate linear regression models were used to determine gender-specific risk factors and demographically adjusted normative data.
Three cognitive domains of verbal memory, attention/processing speed/executive function, and cognitive flexibility were extracted. A female advantage in verbal memory was observed regardless of age, whereas men tended to outperform women in global cognition and attention/processing speed/executive function. The effects of education on women were more substantial than men for general cognition and attention/processing speed/executive function. For all the cognitive tests, regression-based and demographically adjusted normative data were calculated.
There is a need for gender-specific intervention strategies for operationalizing cognitive impairment.
EMCOA, ChiCTR-OOC-17011882 . Retrospectively registered on 5 July 2017.
本研究的主要目的是展示中国中老年人群认知模式的性别差异，分别探讨男性和女性在整体和特定领域认知表现的风险因素，并报告经过人口统计学调整的认知测试常模。
胆固醇和氧化固醇对阿尔茨海默病的影响和机制（EMCOA）研究纳入了三个中国城市的 4573 名年龄在 50-70 岁的参与者。所有参与者都接受了广泛的神经心理学测试。特定领域的综合得分是通过主成分分析（PCA）得出的。多元线性回归模型用于确定性别特异性的风险因素和经过人口统计学调整的常模数据。
提取了三个认知领域的得分，分别是言语记忆、注意力/处理速度/执行功能和认知灵活性。无论年龄如何，女性在言语记忆方面都有优势，而男性在整体认知和注意力/处理速度/执行功能方面的表现往往优于女性。教育对女性整体认知和注意力/处理速度/执行功能的影响比男性更大。对于所有的认知测试，都计算了基于回归和经过人口统计学调整的常模数据。
需要制定针对特定性别的干预策略来操作认知障碍。
EMCOA，ChiCTR-OOC-17011882。于 2017 年 7 月 5 日进行了回顾性注册。
