Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 14220, Czech Republic; Laboratory for Risk Reesearch and Management, Faculty of Safety Engineering, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava 700 30, Czech Republic.
Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 14220, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benatska 2, Prague 2 12801, Czech Republic.
Toxicol In Vitro. 2019 Feb;54:178-188. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.09.019. Epub 2018 Oct 1.
TiO along with nano-TiO are commonly found in consumer products. In vivo studies have observed an accumulation of nano-TiO in macrophages. However, characteristics of nano-TiO determining toxicity remain unclear. In our study, the cytotoxic effects of 14 diverse nano-TiO on THP-1 macrophage-like cells were measured by 3 cytotoxicity assays (MTS, WST-1 and LDH). Total averaged cytotoxicity was calculated using principal component analysis. Characteristics of all 14 nano-TiO included hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential, shape, polydispersity index (PDI) and concentration; moreover, crystal form, specific surface area and crystallite size were measured for 10 nano-TiO.The variables affecting cytotoxicity were chosen using LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator). Except for concentration, PDI in media measured within 1 h after preparation of the nanomaterial dispersion was selected as a variable affecting cytotoxicity: stable dispersion resulted in higher cytotoxic effects. Crystallite size has been shown to have nonlinear effects (particles of sizes between 20 and 60 nm were cytotoxic while smaller and larger ones were not) and thus it has been excluded from LASSO. The shape (particles/fibre) and crystal form did not affect the cytotoxicity. PDI and the nonlinear effect of size could be an explanation for the inconsistencies of the cytotoxicity of nano-TiO in various studies.
TiO 和纳米 TiO 广泛存在于消费品中。体内研究观察到纳米 TiO 在巨噬细胞中的积累。然而，决定纳米 TiO 毒性的特性尚不清楚。在我们的研究中，通过 3 种细胞毒性测定法（MTS、WST-1 和 LDH）测量了 14 种不同纳米 TiO 对 THP-1 巨噬样细胞的细胞毒性作用。使用主成分分析计算总平均细胞毒性。所有 14 种纳米 TiO 的特性包括水动力直径、zeta 电位、形状、多分散指数（PDI）和浓度；此外，还测量了 10 种纳米 TiO 的晶体形态、比表面积和晶粒尺寸。使用 LASSO（最小绝对收缩和选择算子）选择影响细胞毒性的变量。除了浓度外，在纳米材料分散体制备后 1 小时内测量的介质中的 PDI 被选为影响细胞毒性的变量：稳定的分散体导致更高的细胞毒性作用。晶粒尺寸显示出非线性效应（粒径在 20 至 60nm 之间的颗粒具有细胞毒性，而较小和较大的颗粒则没有），因此已将其从 LASSO 中排除。形状（颗粒/纤维）和晶体形态不影响细胞毒性。PDI 和尺寸的非线性效应可能解释了纳米 TiO 在不同研究中的细胞毒性不一致的原因。
