Suarato Giulia, Bertorelli Rosalia, Athanassiou Athanassia
Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy.
In vivo Pharmacology Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2018 Oct 2;6:137. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00137. eCollection 2018.
Wound repair is a complex and tightly regulated physiological process, involving the activation of various cell types throughout each subsequent step (homeostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling). Any impairment within the correct sequence of the healing events could lead to chronic wounds, with potential effects on the patience quality of life, and consequent fallouts on the wound care management. Nature itself can be of inspiration for the development of fully biodegradable materials, presenting enhanced bioactive potentialities, and sustainability. Naturally-derived biopolymers are nowadays considered . They provide a versatile and tunable platform to design the appropriate extracellular matrix able to support tissue regeneration, while contrasting the onset of adverse events. In the past decades, fabrication of bioactive materials based on natural polymers, either of protein derivation or polysaccharide-based, has been extensively exploited to tackle wound-healing related problematics. However, in today's World the exclusive use of such materials is becoming an urgent challenge, to meet the demand of environmentally sustainable technologies to support our future needs, including applications in the fields of healthcare and wound management. In the following, we will briefly introduce the main physico-chemical and biological properties of some protein-based biopolymers and some naturally-derived polysaccharides. Moreover, we will present some of the recent technological processing and green fabrication approaches of novel composite materials based on these biopolymers, with particular attention on their applications in the skin tissue repair field. Lastly, we will highlight promising future perspectives for the development of a new generation of environmentally-friendly, naturally-derived, smart wound dressings.
伤口修复是一个复杂且受到严格调控的生理过程，在后续的每个步骤（内环境稳定、炎症、增殖和组织重塑）中都涉及多种细胞类型的激活。愈合过程中任何正确顺序的损伤都可能导致慢性伤口，对患者的生活质量产生潜在影响，并给伤口护理管理带来相应后果。大自然本身可为开发具有增强生物活性潜力和可持续性的完全可生物降解材料提供灵感。如今，天然衍生的生物聚合物受到关注。它们提供了一个多功能且可调节的平台，用于设计能够支持组织再生的合适细胞外基质，同时对抗不良事件的发生。在过去几十年中，基于天然聚合物（无论是蛋白质衍生的还是多糖基的）制备生物活性材料已被广泛用于解决与伤口愈合相关的问题。然而，在当今世界，仅使用此类材料正成为一项紧迫的挑战，以满足环境可持续技术的需求，来支持我们未来的需求，包括在医疗保健和伤口管理领域的应用。在下文中，我们将简要介绍一些基于蛋白质的生物聚合物和一些天然衍生多糖的主要物理化学和生物学特性。此外，我们将介绍一些基于这些生物聚合物的新型复合材料的最新技术加工和绿色制造方法，特别关注它们在皮肤组织修复领域的应用。最后，我们将强调开发新一代环保、天然衍生、智能伤口敷料的前景。
