School of Nursing, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
Faculty of Education and Health, University of Greenwich, London SE9 2UG, UK.
Nutrients. 2018 Oct 23;10(11):1565. doi: 10.3390/nu10111565.
A low carbohydrate diet (LCD), with some staple food being replaced with nuts, has been shown to reduce weight, improve blood glucose, and regulate blood lipid in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These nuts include tree nuts and ground nuts. Tree nut consumption is associated with improved cardio-vascular and inflammatory parameters. However, the consumption of tree nuts is difficult to promote in patients with diabetes because of their high cost. As the main ground nut, peanuts contain a large number of beneficial nutrients, are widely planted, and are affordable for most patients. However, whether peanuts and tree nuts in combination with LCD have similar benefits in patients with T2DM remains unknown; although almonds are the most consumed and studied tree nut. This study sought to compare the effect of peanuts and almonds, incorporated into a LCD, on cardio-metabolic and inflammatory measures in patients with T2DM. Of the 32 T2DM patients that were recruited, 17 were randomly allocated to the Peanut group ( = 17) and 15 to the Almond group ( = 15) in a parallel design. The patients consumed a LCD with part of the starchy staple food being replaced with peanuts (Peanut group) or almonds (Almond group). The follow-up duration was three months. The indicators for glycemic control, other cardio-metabolic, and inflammatory parameters were collected and compared between the two groups. Twenty-five patients completed the study. There were no significant differences in the self-reported dietary compliance between the two groups. Compared with the baseline, the fasting blood glucose (FBG) and postprandial 2-h blood glucose (PPG) decreased in both the Peanut and Almond groups ( < 0.05). After the intervention, no statistically significant differences were found between the Peanut group and the Almond group with respect to the FBG and PPG levels. A decrease in the glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level from the baseline in the Almond group was found ( < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found between the two groups with respect to the HbA1c level at the third month. The peanut and almond consumption did not increase the body mass index (BMI) and had no effect on the blood lipid profile or interleukin-6 (IL-6).In conclusion, incorporated into a LCD, almonds and peanuts have a similar effect on improving fasting and postprandial blood glucose among patients with T2DM. However, more studies are required to fully establish the effect of almond on the improvement of HbA1c.
低碳水化合物饮食（LCD），用一些主食来代替坚果，已被证明可减轻体重、改善 2 型糖尿病患者的血糖，并调节血脂。这些坚果包括树坚果和花生。树坚果的消费与改善心血管和炎症参数有关。然而，由于其成本高，糖尿病患者很难食用树坚果。作为主要的花生，含有大量有益的营养物质，广泛种植，大多数患者都买得起。然而，尚不清楚 T2DM 患者同时食用花生和树坚果是否具有类似的益处；尽管杏仁是最常食用和研究的树坚果。本研究旨在比较将杏仁和花生纳入 LCD 对 T2DM 患者的心血管代谢和炎症指标的影响。在招募的 32 名 T2DM 患者中，17 名患者按平行设计随机分配到花生组（=17）和杏仁组（=15）。患者摄入含有部分淀粉主食的低碳水化合物饮食，并用花生（花生组）或杏仁（杏仁组）代替部分主食。随访时间为三个月。收集并比较两组之间的血糖控制、其他心血管代谢和炎症参数的指标。有 25 名患者完成了研究。两组患者报告的饮食依从性无显著差异。与基线相比，花生组和杏仁组的空腹血糖（FBG）和餐后 2 小时血糖（PPG）均降低（<0.05）。干预后，花生组和杏仁组的 FBG 和 PPG 水平无统计学差异。杏仁组糖化血红蛋白 A1c（HbA1c）水平从基线下降（<0.05）。然而，两组在第三个月的 HbA1c 水平无显著差异。花生和杏仁的摄入并没有增加体重指数（BMI），对血脂谱或白细胞介素-6（IL-6）也没有影响。总之，纳入低碳水化合物饮食中，杏仁和花生对改善 T2DM 患者的空腹和餐后血糖有相似的作用。然而，需要更多的研究来充分确定杏仁对 HbA1c 改善的作用。
