Timmis Matthew A, Piras Alessandro, van Paridon Kjell N
Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Front Psychol. 2018 Oct 31;9:2058. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02058. eCollection 2018.
The success of a sporting task requiring an object to be kicked or hit toward a target (e.g., kicking a ball into a goal) is impacted by the length of the Quiet Eye (QE). Limitations in the ocular motor system mean that after impact, these fast moving objects are not tracked using smooth pursuit eye movements. Rather, anticipatory fixations are used to re-fixate ahead of the moving object.Using a soccer penalty kick, the current study investigated whether striking a stationary object to generate high ball velocity results in an anticipatory fixation prior to ball contact and if this occurs at detriment to the QE period and task success.Facing a goalkeeper, 12 participants produced a successful (scored) and unsuccessful (saved) penalty whilst wearing a mobile eye tracker.QE was longer in the successful compared to unsuccessful penalty ( = 0.036) and was due to QE offset ending later in the successful compared to unsuccessful penalty ( = 0.008). An anticipatory fixation occurred later ( = 0.025) and was shorter ( = 0.005) in successful compared to unsuccessful penalties. The football was kicked wider (more accurately) within the goal during the successful compared to unsuccessful penalty ( < 0.001). Results highlight the importance of the QE period in successfully executing a soccer penalty kick. Unsuccessful penalties were associated with shorter QE length and earlier QE offset, which was due to initiating an anticipatory fixation in prediction of tracking the fast moving football, resulting in kicking the ball more centrally in the goal, making it easier for the goalkeeper to save.
一项要求将物体踢向或击向目标的体育任务（例如，将球踢进球门）的成功与否会受到静眼期（QE）时长的影响。眼动系统的局限性意味着在物体撞击后，这些快速移动的物体无法通过平稳跟踪眼动来追踪。相反，预期性注视被用于在移动物体之前重新注视。本研究以足球点球为例，调查了击打静止物体以产生高球速是否会在球接触前导致预期性注视，以及这种情况的发生是否会损害静眼期和任务的成功率。12名参与者面对守门员，在佩戴可移动眼动追踪器的情况下进行了一次成功（得分）和一次失败（被扑出）的点球。与失败的点球相比，成功点球的静眼期更长（ = 0.036），这是因为成功点球的静眼期结束时间比失败点球更晚（ = 0.008）。与失败的点球相比，成功点球的预期性注视出现得更晚（ = 0.025）且持续时间更短（ = 0.005）。与失败的点球相比，成功点球时足球在球门内的踢出角度更宽（更准确）（ < 0.001）。结果突出了静眼期在成功执行足球点球中的重要性。失败的点球与较短的静眼期长度和较早的静眼期结束有关，这是由于在预测跟踪快速移动的足球时启动了预期性注视，导致在球门中央更集中地踢球，从而使守门员更容易扑出。
