Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Trends Mol Med. 2018 Dec;24(12):991-1006. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.10.001. Epub 2018 Nov 14.
Adult neurogenesis, a developmental process of generating functionally integrated neurons from neural stem cells, occurs throughout life in the hippocampus of the mammalian brain and highlights the plastic nature of the mature central nervous system. Substantial evidence suggests that new neurons participate in cognitive and affective brain functions and aberrant adult neurogenesis contributes to various brain disorders. Focusing on adult hippocampal neurogenesis, we review recent findings that advance our understanding of the key properties and potential functions of adult neural stem cells. We further discuss the key evidence demonstrating the causal role of aberrant hippocampal neurogenesis and various brain disorders. Finally, we propose strategies aimed at simultaneously correcting stem cells and their niche for treating brain disorders.
成人神经发生，即从神经干细胞产生功能整合神经元的发育过程，发生在哺乳动物大脑海马体的整个生命过程中，突出了成熟中枢神经系统的可塑性。大量证据表明，新神经元参与认知和情感脑功能，异常的成人神经发生导致各种脑疾病。本文聚焦于成人海马神经发生，综述了最近的发现，这些发现增进了我们对成人神经干细胞关键特性和潜在功能的理解。我们进一步讨论了表明异常海马神经发生与各种脑疾病之间因果关系的关键证据。最后，我们提出了旨在同时纠正干细胞及其龛位以治疗脑疾病的策略。
