Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Nov 22;19(12):3701. doi: 10.3390/ijms19123701.
Low-grade chronic inflammation is a common denominator in atherogenesis and related diseases. Solid evidence supports the occurrence of an impairment in the innate and adaptive immune system with senescence, favoring the development of acute and chronic age-related diseases. Cardiovascular (CV) diseases (CVD), in particular, are a leading cause of death even at older ages. Inflammation-associated mechanisms that contribute to CVD development include dysregulated redox and metabolic pathways, genetic modifications, and infections/dysbiosis. In this review, we will recapitulate the determinants and consequences of the immune system dysfunction at older age, with particular focus on the CV system. We will examine the currently available and potential future strategies to counteract accelerated CV aging, i.e., nutraceuticals, probiotics, caloric restriction, physical activity, smoking and alcohol cessation, control of low-grade inflammation sources, senolytic and senescence-modulating drugs, and DNA-targeting drugs.
低度慢性炎症是动脉粥样硬化和相关疾病的共同特征。大量证据表明，随着衰老，先天和适应性免疫系统会出现损伤，从而促进急性和慢性与年龄相关疾病的发展。特别是心血管疾病（CVD），即使在老年时也是主要的死亡原因。与炎症相关的导致 CVD 发展的机制包括失调的氧化还原和代谢途径、遗传修饰以及感染/失调。在这篇综述中，我们将总结免疫系统在老年时功能障碍的决定因素和后果，特别关注心血管系统。我们将研究目前可用的和潜在的未来策略来对抗加速的 CV 衰老，即营养保健品、益生菌、热量限制、体育活动、戒烟和戒酒、控制低度炎症源、衰老细胞清除和衰老调节药物以及 DNA 靶向药物。
