Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Addis Alem Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
BMC Infect Dis. 2018 Nov 26;18(1):597. doi: 10.1186/s12879-018-3500-3.
Clinical Rabies is a widely distributed almost 100% fatal viral zoonotic disease. Most human rabies cases occur in developing countries, especially in Asia and Africa. It can be prevented by immunization, post exposure prophylaxis. Ethiopia is assumed to be among African countries with high incidence of human rabies exposure cases. However, there is limited documented data on the incidence of human rabies exposure in the study area in particular and in Ethiopia in general. Thus, this study aimed to determine the Incidence of Human Rabies Virus exposure in Northwestern Amhara, Ethiopia.
Retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted during August and September, 2017. The study was conducted at Addis Alem Hospital, a district level hospital in Bahir Dar. Data on human rabies exposure cases registered from September 1, 2015 to August 31, 2017 were collected from anti-rabies post exposure prophylaxis registration log book. Data was collected using a structured data collection questionnaire developed for this purpose. Descriptive statistics was used to describe relevant variables.
A total of 924 human rabies exposure cases was recorded. The overall human rabies incidence per 100, 000 population was 6.5 in 2015 and 7.5 in 2016. Males (55.2%, 510/924) and children of age less than fifteen (46.3%, 428/924) were most affected groups. The majority of human rabies exposure cases (71.9%, 664/924) were from rural settings. Dogs were the principal sources of exposure (96.3%) followed by cat (1.5%) and donkey (1.3%). High incidence rate of rabies exposure was reported during spring (360, 39%) and summer (244, 26.4%) seasons. There was significant difference between rural and urban exposure cases (p = 0.001) in respect to the time of arrival to the hospital.
Taking these into account, a significant proportion of the population was exposed to rabies virus during the study years. There was high human rabies exposure rate in children and in the rural community. This shows the need for organizing preventive and control strategies and to build community awareness.
临床狂犬病是一种广泛分布的、几乎 100%致命的病毒性人畜共患病。大多数人类狂犬病病例发生在发展中国家，特别是亚洲和非洲国家。它可以通过免疫接种、暴露后预防来预防。埃塞俄比亚被认为是非洲高发病率的人类狂犬病暴露病例国家之一。然而，关于该地区特别是埃塞俄比亚的人类狂犬病暴露病例发病率，目前记录的数据有限。因此，本研究旨在确定西北阿姆哈拉地区人类狂犬病病毒暴露的发病率。
回顾性横断面研究于 2017 年 8 月至 9 月进行。该研究在巴希尔达市的一个区一级医院——阿迪萨莱姆医院进行。从 2015 年 9 月 1 日至 2017 年 8 月 31 日，从抗狂犬病暴露后预防登记日志中收集了人类狂犬病暴露病例登记数据。使用为此目的制定的结构化数据收集问卷收集数据。使用描述性统计方法描述相关变量。
共记录了 924 例人类狂犬病暴露病例。2015 年和 2016 年，每 10 万人中人类狂犬病发病率分别为 6.5 和 7.5。男性（55.2%，510/924）和 15 岁以下儿童（46.3%，428/924）是受影响最大的群体。大多数人类狂犬病暴露病例（71.9%，664/924）来自农村地区。狗是主要的暴露源（96.3%），其次是猫（1.5%）和驴（1.3%）。春季（360 例，39%）和夏季（244 例，26.4%）报告的狂犬病暴露发病率较高。农村和城市暴露病例在到达医院的时间方面存在显著差异（p=0.001）。
考虑到这一点，在研究期间，相当一部分人口暴露于狂犬病病毒。儿童和农村社区的狂犬病暴露率很高。这表明需要组织预防和控制策略并提高社区意识。
