Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018 Dec;11(12):1837-1853. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.08.028.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance is a versatile tool that enables noninvasive characterization of cardiac tissue structure and function. Parametric mapping techniques have allowed unparalleled differentiation of pathophysiological differences in the myocardium such as the delineation of myocardial fibrosis, hemorrhage, and edema. These methods are increasingly used as part of a tool kit to characterize disease states such as cardiomyopathies and coronary artery disease more accurately. Currently conventional mapping techniques require separate acquisitions for T and T mapping, the values of which may depend on specifics of the magnetic resonance imaging system hardware, pulse sequence implementation, and physiological variables including blood pressure and heart rate. The cardiac magnetic resonance fingerprinting (cMRF) technique has recently been introduced for simultaneous and reproducible measurement of T and T maps in a single scan. The potential for this technique to provide consistent tissue property values independent of variables including scanner, pulse sequence, and physiology could allow an unbiased framework for the assessment of intrinsic properties of cardiac tissue including structure, perfusion, and parameters such as extracellular volume without the administration of exogenous contrast agents. This review seeks to introduce the basics of the cMRF technique, including pulse sequence design, dictionary generation, and pattern matching. The potential applications of cMRF in assessing diseases such as nonischemic cardiomyopathy are also briefly discussed, and ongoing areas of research are described.
心血管磁共振是一种功能多样的工具，可实现心脏组织结构和功能的无创特征描述。参数图技术能够以前所未有的方式区分心肌中的病理生理差异，如心肌纤维化、出血和水肿的描绘。这些方法越来越多地被用作工具包的一部分，以更准确地描述心肌病和冠状动脉疾病等疾病状态。目前，传统的映射技术需要分别进行 T 和 T 映射采集，其值可能取决于磁共振成像系统硬件、脉冲序列实现以及包括血压和心率在内的生理变量的具体情况。心脏磁共振指纹技术（cMRF）最近被引入，用于在单次扫描中同时和可重复地测量 T 和 T 图。该技术具有提供独立于包括扫描仪、脉冲序列和生理学在内的变量的一致组织属性值的潜力，这可能允许在不使用外源性对比剂的情况下，为评估心脏组织的固有特性（包括结构、灌注和细胞外容积等参数）提供一个无偏倚的框架。本综述旨在介绍 cMRF 技术的基础知识，包括脉冲序列设计、字典生成和模式匹配。还简要讨论了 cMRF 在评估非缺血性心肌病等疾病方面的潜在应用，并描述了正在进行的研究领域。
