Lock Merilyn, Post Dannielle, Dollman James, Parfitt Gaynor
Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Front Public Health. 2018 Nov 26;6:341. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00341. eCollection 2018.
Despite the well-established benefits of regular participation in physical activity, many Australians still fail to maintain sufficient levels. More self-determined types of motivation and more positive affect during activity have been found to be associated with the maintenance of physical activity behaviour over time. Need-supportive approaches to physical activity behaviour change have previously been shown to improve quality of motivation and psychological well-being. This paper outlines the development of a need-supportive, person-centred physical activity program for frontline aged-care workers. The program emphasises the use of self-determined methods of regulating activity intensity (affect, rating of perceived exertion and self-pacing) and is aimed at increasing physical activity behaviour and psychological well-being. The development process was undertaken in six steps using guidance from the Intervention Mapping framework: (i) an in-depth needs assessment (including qualitative interviews where information was gathered from members of the target population); (ii) formation of change objectives; (iii) selecting theory-informed and evidence-based intervention methods and planning their practical application; (iv) producing program components and materials; (v) planning program adoption and implementation, and (vi) planning for evaluation. The program is based in Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and provides tools and elements to support autonomy (the use of a collaboratively developed activity plan and participant choice in activity types), competence (action/coping planning, goal-setting and pedometers), and relatedness (the use of a motivational interviewing-inspired appointment and ongoing support in activity).
尽管经常参加体育活动有诸多已被证实的益处，但许多澳大利亚人仍未能保持足够的运动量。研究发现，更具自我决定型的动机以及活动期间更积极的情绪与体育活动行为的长期维持有关。此前已有研究表明，以需求为导向的体育活动行为改变方法能够提高动机质量和心理健康水平。本文概述了一项针对一线老年护理工作者的、以需求为导向且以人为本的体育活动计划的制定过程。该计划强调使用自我决定的方法来调节活动强度（情绪、主观用力程度评级和自我节奏），旨在增加体育活动行为并提升心理健康水平。制定过程按照干预映射框架的指导分六个步骤进行：（i）深入的需求评估（包括从目标人群成员那里收集信息的定性访谈）；（ii）确定改变目标；（iii）选择基于理论且有证据支持的干预方法并规划其实际应用；（iv）制作计划组件和材料；（v）规划计划的采用和实施，以及（vi）规划评估。该计划基于自我决定理论（SDT），并提供支持自主性（使用共同制定的活动计划以及参与者对活动类型的选择）、能力（行动/应对规划、目标设定和计步器）和关联性（使用受动机访谈启发的预约方式以及在活动中持续提供支持）的工具和要素。
