Division of Pediatric Psychiatry, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Arch Sex Behav. 2019 Oct;48(7):2011-2025. doi: 10.1007/s10508-018-1354-9. Epub 2019 Jan 2.
In recent years, transgender individuals have experienced both greater visibility and increased discrimination, such as direct discriminatory practices and removal of Obama-era protections for transgender students. Minority stress theory suggests that discrimination toward gender identity is related to poor mental health outcomes. This hypothesis is supported by the literature regarding transgender adults and adolescents; notably, familial rejection is highlighted as having a strong association with negative outcomes. The field of psychology has continued to explore best practices in approaches to family therapy with transgender individuals. Gender-affirming techniques have gained momentum, largely due to a recognized need for therapy techniques that aim to cultivate familial support for this vulnerable population. As transgender individuals and their families hold many social identities, including race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and gender, affirming family therapy involving transgender individuals must explore ways in which gender identity intersects with and is understood in context of family members' other identities. In particular, we must explore how identities may serve to bolster or impede therapeutic processes targeting acceptance. The current article aims to raise awareness of a need for an intersectional approach with gender-affirming family therapy techniques. We detail ways intersectionality can inform therapy practice and provide case examples from our work with a diverse group of transgender adolescents and their families.
近年来，跨性别者的可见度有所提高，但也面临更多的歧视，例如直接的歧视行为和取消奥巴马时代对跨性别学生的保护。少数群体应激理论表明，对性别认同的歧视与心理健康不良结果有关。这一假设得到了有关跨性别成年人和青少年的文献的支持；值得注意的是，家庭排斥被强调为与负面结果有很强的关联。心理学领域一直在探索针对跨性别个体的家庭治疗方法的最佳实践。性别肯定技术已经获得了动力，主要是因为认识到需要有治疗技术来培养这个弱势群体的家庭支持。由于跨性别者及其家庭拥有许多社会身份，包括种族、民族、社会经济地位和性别，因此，涉及跨性别者的肯定家庭治疗必须探讨性别认同如何与家庭成员的其他身份交叉，并在其背景下得到理解。特别是，我们必须探讨身份如何有助于或阻碍针对接受的治疗过程。本文旨在提高对性别肯定家庭治疗技术需要交叉方法的认识。我们详细介绍了交叉性如何为治疗实践提供信息，并提供了我们与一群不同的跨性别青少年及其家庭一起工作的案例示例。
