Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
Sci Immunol. 2019 Jan 11;4(31). doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aat6114.
Pregnancy poses an immunological challenge because a genetically distinct (nonself) fetus must be supported within the pregnant female for the required gestational period. Placentation, or the establishment of the fetally derived placenta, is a common strategy used by eutherian mammals to protect the fetus and promote its growth. However, the substantial morphological differences of the placental architecture among species suggest that the process of placentation results from convergent evolution. Although there are considerable similarities in placental function across placental mammals, there are important differences that arise owing to species-specific immunological (and other biological) constraints. This Review focuses on the immunological similarities and differences that occur at the maternal-fetal interface in the context of human and mouse pregnancies. We discuss how the decidua and placenta of these different species form key immunological barriers that sustain maternal tolerance yet generate innate immune responses that prevent microbial infections.
妊娠带来了免疫挑战，因为在妊娠期间，必须在孕妇体内支持一个在基因上不同的（非自身）胎儿。胎盘形成，或胎儿来源的胎盘的建立，是真兽类哺乳动物用来保护胎儿并促进其生长的一种常见策略。然而，胎盘结构在物种间的显著形态差异表明，胎盘形成是趋同进化的结果。尽管胎盘哺乳动物的胎盘功能有相当多的相似之处，但由于物种特异性的免疫（和其他生物学）限制，也存在着重要的差异。这篇综述重点关注人类和小鼠妊娠中母体-胎儿界面发生的免疫相似性和差异性。我们讨论了这些不同物种的蜕膜和胎盘如何形成关键的免疫屏障，维持母体耐受，同时产生先天免疫反应，防止微生物感染。
