Center for Obesity Research and Education, College of Public Health, Temple University, 3223 N. Broad Street, Suite 175, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 327 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2019 Jan 17;16(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s12966-018-0764-3.
Few interventions have shown efficacy to influence key energy balance behaviors during the preschool years.
A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was used to evaluate the efficacy of Food, Fun, and Families (FFF), a 12 week authoritative food parenting intervention for mothers with low-income levels, to reduce preschool-aged children's intake of calories from solid fat and added sugar (SoFAS).
Mothers were randomly assigned to receive FFF (n = 59) or to a delayed treatment control (n = 60). The primary outcome was children's daily energy intake from SoFAS at the end of the 12 week intervention, controlling for baseline levels, assessed by 24-h dietary recalls. Secondary outcomes included children's daily energy intake, children's BMI z-scores, and meal observations of maternal food parenting practices targeted in FFF (e.g. providing guided choices).
Participating mothers were predominantly African American (91%), with 39% educated beyond high school and 66% unemployed. Baseline demographics and child SoFAS intakes did not differ by group. Lost to follow-up was 13% and did not differ between groups. At post-intervention, FFF children consumed ~ 94 kcal or 23% less daily energy from SoFAS than children in the control group, adjusting for baseline levels (307.8 (95%CI = 274.1, 341.5) kcal vs. 401.9 (95%CI = 369.8, 433.9) kcal, FFF vs. control; p < 0.001). FFF mothers also displayed a greater number of authoritative parenting practices when observed post-intervention with their child at a buffet-style meal (Wilcoxon z = - 2.54, p = 0.012). Neither child total daily energy intake nor BMI z-scores differed between groups post-intervention.
Findings demonstrate the initial efficacy of an authoritative food parenting intervention for families with low-income to reduce SoFAS intake in early childhood. Additional research is needed to evaluate longer-term effects on diet and growth.
Retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov : #NCT03646201.
很少有干预措施能够证明在学龄前阶段影响关键能量平衡行为的有效性。
本研究采用随机对照试验（RCT）评估了 Food, Fun, and Families（FFF）的效果，这是一项针对低收入水平母亲的为期 12 周的权威型食物养育干预措施，旨在减少学龄前儿童对固体脂肪和添加糖（SoFAS）的热量摄入。
母亲被随机分配接受 FFF（n=59）或延迟治疗对照组（n=60）。主要结局是通过 24 小时膳食回忆评估，在干预结束时，控制基线水平，评估儿童从 SoFAS 中摄入的每日能量。次要结局包括儿童的每日能量摄入、儿童的 BMI 得分和针对 FFF 中目标的膳食观察（例如提供指导选择）。
参与的母亲主要是非洲裔美国人（91%），39%受过高中以上教育，66%失业。基线人口统计学特征和儿童 SoFAS 摄入量在组间无差异。失访率为 13%，且两组之间无差异。干预后，FF 组儿童每天从 SoFAS 中摄入的能量减少了约 94 卡路里或 23%，调整基线水平后（307.8（95%CI=274.1，341.5）千卡与 401.9（95%CI=369.8，433.9）千卡，FF 组与对照组；p<0.001）。在自助餐式膳食中观察到干预后 FFF 母亲对孩子的权威型养育行为也更多（Wilcoxon z=-2.54，p=0.012）。干预后两组儿童的总日能量摄入或 BMI 得分均无差异。
研究结果表明，针对低收入家庭的权威型食物养育干预措施在减少幼儿 SoFAS 摄入方面具有初步效果。需要进一步研究以评估其对饮食和生长的长期影响。
在 ClinicalTrials.gov 上进行了回顾性注册：#NCT03646201。
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