Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Prolongamento da Rua Cerejeira, s/n, CEP 85892-000 Bairro São Luiz - Santa Helena, PR, Brazil.
Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Avenida Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, CEP: 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2019 Apr 24;234:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.005. Epub 2019 Jan 17.
Baccharis punctulata (Asteraceae), popularly known as "Chíllka saru saru" in Bolivia, has been used by rural communities in Bustillo Province of the Potosi Department for treatment of asthma, luxations and contusions.
To analyze the chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from leaves of female (BPF) and male (BPM) specimens and evaluate their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Chemical composition analyses of Baccharis punctulata essential oils isolated by hidrodistillation from leaves of male and female specimens were performed by GC-FID-MS. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the model of TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) induced ear edema, and the polymorphonuclear cell migration was evaluated by mieloperoxidase (MPO) and analyzed histologically. To measure the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the inflamed tissue, the DCFH-DA fluorescent probe was used. The chemical in vitro antioxidant activity of essential oils was determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical assay.
The chemical analysis showed high proportion of sesquiterpenes in the volatiles samples obtained from BPM, such as δ-elemene (14.29%), germacrene D (11.29%) and bicyclogermacrene (10.90%), and in the sample from BPF, bicyclogermacrene (42.44%), germacrene D (21.18%) and β-caryophyllene (14.06%). A statistical difference (p < 0.05) on chemical composition between both essential oils was observed. Topical administration of both BPM and BPF essential oils was able to inhibit the formation of TPA-induced edema in the treated groups. Isolated administration of TPA promoted an increase in MPO enzyme activity, and inhibition of the increase of MPO activity was observed when animals were treated with BFP at concentrations of 0.1 mg/ear (13.69 ± 0.20%), 0.3 mg/ear (22.35 ± 0.11%), and 1.0 mg/ear (44.98 ± 0.27%). Topical treatment with BPM was able to inhibit MPO activity at 22.40 ± 0.29% (0.1 mg/ear), 36.49 ± 0.07% (0.3 mg/ear) and 52.19 ± 0.28% (1.0 mg/ear). The positive control of dexamethasone (DEXA, 0.1 mg/ear) was able to revert the increase in the enzymatic activity of MPO caused by TPA (65.16%). Histological analysis showed that topical application of TPA promoted intense cellular infiltration. This inflammatory parameter was reduced with the topical application of the BPF and BPM oil samples as well as with DEXA. The results observed in the ROS and DPPH tests suggest that both samples were able to reduce the inflammatory cells influx and have in vitro antioxidant properties, respectively.
This study presents, for the first time, the chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from leaves of male and female specimens of Baccharis punctulata, and their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The results presented by the volatile samples in our biotests support traditional uses of this plant species.
Baccharis punctulata（菊科），在玻利维亚被称为“Chíllka saru saru”，已被波托西省布斯特罗省的农村社区用于治疗哮喘、脱臼和瘀伤。
分析从雌性（BPF）和雄性（BPM）标本叶片中获得的挥发油的化学成分，并评估其抗炎和抗氧化特性。
通过 GC-FID-MS 对通过水蒸馏从雄性和雌性标本叶片中分离得到的 Baccharis punctulata 精油的化学成分进行分析。使用 TPA（12-O-十四烷酰佛波醇-13-乙酸酯）诱导的耳肿胀模型评估体内抗炎活性，并通过髓过氧化物酶（MPO）评估多形核细胞迁移，并进行组织学分析。为了测量炎症组织中的活性氧（ROS），使用 DCFH-DA 荧光探针。使用 2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）自由基测定法测定精油的体外抗氧化活性。
化学分析表明，BPM 挥发油样品中含有大量倍半萜烯，如 δ-榄香烯（14.29%）、大根香叶烯 D（11.29%）和双环倍半萜烯（10.90%），而 BPF 样品中含有双环倍半萜烯（42.44%）、大根香叶烯 D（21.18%）和β-石竹烯（14.06%）。观察到两种精油之间在化学成分上存在统计学差异（p<0.05）。BPM 和 BPF 精油的局部给药均能抑制 TPA 诱导的肿胀形成。单独给予 TPA 可促进 MPO 酶活性增加，当动物用 BFP 以 0.1mg/耳（13.69±0.20%）、0.3mg/耳（22.35±0.11%）和 1.0mg/耳（44.98±0.27%）浓度治疗时，观察到 MPO 活性增加的抑制。BPM 局部治疗能够抑制 MPO 活性，分别为 22.40±0.29%（0.1mg/耳）、36.49±0.07%（0.3mg/耳）和 52.19±0.28%（1.0mg/耳）。阳性对照地塞米松（DEXA，0.1mg/耳）能够逆转 TPA 引起的 MPO 酶活性增加（65.16%）。组织学分析表明，TPA 的局部应用促进了强烈的细胞浸润。用 BPF 和 BPM 油样以及 DEXA 局部应用均可减少这种炎症参数。在 ROS 和 DPPH 试验中观察到的结果表明，两种样品均能够减少炎症细胞的涌入，并具有体外抗氧化特性。
本研究首次报道了从 Baccharis punctulata 雌雄标本叶片中获得的精油的化学成分及其抗炎和抗氧化活性。生物测试中挥发油样品的结果支持该植物物种的传统用途。
