Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Environ Int. 2019 Mar;124:541-552. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.049. Epub 2019 Jan 25.
One of the most worrying consequence of the production and use of persistent organohalogen pollutants (POPs) is the high accumulation in Arctic populations because of long-range transport. Study of the effects in these populations may illustrate human impacts that are difficult to assess in other locations with lower exposure to these compounds and more diverse pollutant influences.
We aimed to identify the main maternal characteristics influencing on the accumulation of these compounds and the effects on the newborns in a highly exposed Arctic population (Chukotka, Russia).
Organochlorine and organobromine compounds were analysed in maternal venous serum (n = 250). The study included data on residence, educational level, age, parity and body mass index (BMI) from self-reported questionnaires and measured anthropometric characteristics of newborns.
Concentrations of β-hexachlorocyclohexanes, hexachlorobenzene, 4,4'-DDT and polychlorobiphenyls were high when compared with those generally found in adult populations later than year 2000. The polybromodiphenyl ethers were negligible. These POP concentrations were higher than in Alaska and Arctic Norway and similar to those in Canada. The Chukotka mothers living in inland areas showed significant lower concentrations than those living in the coast (p < 0.001) except for 4,4'-DDT. The population from the Chukotsky District, a specific coastal area, showed the highest concentrations. Residence was therefore a main concentration determinant (p < 0.001) followed by maternal age, and in some cases parity and BMI (p < 0.05). 4,4'-DDT showed an association with the anthropometric characteristics of the newborns (p < 0.05). Mothers with higher 4,4'-DDT concentrations had longer gestational ages and gave birth to infants with higher weight and length.
The maternal accumulation patterns of POPs were mainly related with residence. Most of these compounds were found in higher concentration in women living at coastal areas except 4,4'-DDE and 4,4'-DDT which were of inland origin. This last pesticide was the pollutant showing positive associations with gestational age and newborn's weight and length. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting statistically significant associations between maternal 4,4'-DDT exposure and anthropometric characteristics of the newborns.
持久性有机卤污染物 (POPs) 的生产和使用带来的最令人担忧的后果之一是，由于长距离传输，北极地区人群的高度积累。对这些人群的影响的研究可以说明在其他暴露于这些化合物程度较低且受更多污染物影响的地区难以评估的人类影响。
我们旨在确定影响这些化合物在高度暴露于北极地区（俄罗斯楚科奇地区）的人群中积累的主要产妇特征，并确定其对新生儿的影响。
分析了 250 例产妇静脉血清中的有机氯和有机溴化合物。研究包括来自自我报告问卷的居住、教育水平、年龄、产次和体重指数 (BMI) 数据，以及新生儿的人体测量特征。
与 2000 年后成年人群中普遍发现的水平相比，β-六氯环己烷、六氯苯、4,4'-滴滴涕和多氯联苯的浓度较高。多溴二苯醚可以忽略不计。这些 POP 浓度高于阿拉斯加和北极挪威，与加拿大相似。居住在内陆地区的楚科特卡母亲的浓度明显低于居住在沿海地区的母亲（p<0.001），除了 4,4'-滴滴涕。楚科特斯基区（一个特定的沿海地区）的人群表现出最高的浓度。因此，居住地是主要的浓度决定因素（p<0.001），其次是产妇年龄，在某些情况下还有产次和 BMI（p<0.05）。4,4'-滴滴涕与新生儿的人体测量特征呈关联（p<0.05）。4,4'-滴滴涕浓度较高的母亲的妊娠期较长，所生婴儿的体重和长度较高。
POPs 的母体积累模式主要与居住地有关。除了内陆来源的 4,4'-DDE 和 4,4'-滴滴涕外，生活在沿海地区的妇女体内大多数这些化合物的浓度都较高。最后一种农药是与妊娠期和新生儿体重和长度呈正相关的污染物。据我们所知，这是第一项报告母体 4,4'-滴滴涕暴露与新生儿人体测量特征之间存在统计学显著关联的研究。
