Herrmann Christian, Heim Christopher, Seelig Harald
Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel 4052, Switzerland.
Department of Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main D-60487, Germany.
J Sport Health Sci. 2019 Jan;8(1):63-70. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2017.04.002. Epub 2017 Apr 7.
A central aim of physical education is the promotion of basic motor competencies (in German: Motorische Basiskompetenzen; MOBAK), which are prerequisites for children's active participation in sports culture. This article introduces the MOBAK-1 test instrument for 6- to 8-year-old children and determines the construct validity of this test instrument. In addition, the relationship between MOBAK and motor ability (i.e., strength) as well as body mass index (BMI), sex, and age is investigated.
We analyzed data of 923 first and second graders (422 girls, 501 boys, age = 6.80 ± 0.44 years). The children's basic motor competencies were assessed by the MOBAK-1 test instrument. Besides analyses of frequency, correlation, and variance, 3 confirmatory factor analyses with covariates were performed.
We found 2 MOBAK factors consisting of 4 items each. The first factor, , included the items balancing, rolling, jumping, and side stepping; the second factor, , included the items throwing, catching, bouncing, and dribbling. The motor ability had a significant influence on the factors ( = 0.60) and ( = 0.50). Older pupils achieved better results than younger pupils on ( = .29). Boys performed better on ( = -0.44), whereas girls achieved better results in ( = 0.07). Pupils with a high BMI achieved lower performance only on the factor ( = -0.28).
The MOBAK-1 test instrument developed for this study meets psychometric validity demands and is suitable to evaluate effects of sports and physical education.
体育教育的一个核心目标是促进基本运动能力（德语：Motorische Basiskompetenzen；MOBAK），这是儿童积极参与体育文化的先决条件。本文介绍了针对6至8岁儿童的MOBAK - 1测试工具，并确定了该测试工具的结构效度。此外，还研究了MOBAK与运动能力（即力量）以及体重指数（BMI）、性别和年龄之间的关系。
我们分析了923名一、二年级学生（422名女生，501名男生，年龄 = 6.80 ± 0.44岁）的数据。通过MOBAK - 1测试工具评估儿童的基本运动能力。除了进行频率、相关性和方差分析外，还进行了3次带有协变量的验证性因素分析。
我们发现了2个MOBAK因素，每个因素由4个项目组成。第一个因素， ，包括平衡、滚动、跳跃和侧步项目；第二个因素， ，包括投掷、接球、弹跳和运球项目。运动能力 对因素 （ = 0.60）和 （ = 0.50）有显著影响。年龄较大的学生在 上的成绩优于年龄较小的学生（ = 0.29）。男生在 上表现更好（ = -0.44），而女生在 上取得了更好的成绩（ = 0.07）。BMI较高的学生仅在因素 上表现较差（ = -0.28）。
本研究开发的MOBAK - 1测试工具符合心理测量效度要求，适用于评估体育和体育教育的效果。
