Sharma O P, Makkar H P, Dawra R K
Biochemistry Laboratory, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Palampur.
Toxicon. 1988;26(11):975-87. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(88)90196-1.
Lantana camara is one of the ten most noxious weeds in the world. It is toxic to animals and exerts allelopathic action on neighbouring vegetation. The pathological and biochemical effects of the lantana plant in cattle, sheep and guinea pigs have been determined. The chemical nature of lantana toxin(s) and the precise mechanism by which lantana induces cholestasis have not yet been defined clearly. Lantana toxicity is manifested in three phases: the release and absorption of toxins in the gastrointestinal tract; the hepatic phase resulting in cholestasis, hyperbilirubinaemia, hyperphylloerythrinaemia, and finally the tissue phase wherein cell injury results from the accumulation of bilirubin and phylloerythrin. Thus, therapeutic measures should be aimed at arresting one or more of these phases. The different means for control of lantana viz. mechanical, cultural, chemical and biological are discussed with regards to their effectiveness. A number of potential uses of lantana plant have been suggested but none has been exploited on a large scale. Future research is required in order to identify the lantana toxin, antidotes against lantana poisoning, cell-bilirubin/phylloerythrin interactions, cheaper weedicides, allelochemics and finally to obtain more effective phytophagous insects for fighting the lantana menace.
马缨丹是世界上十大最有害的杂草之一。它对动物有毒，并对邻近植被产生化感作用。已确定马缨丹植物对牛、羊和豚鼠的病理和生化影响。马缨丹毒素的化学性质以及马缨丹诱导胆汁淤积的确切机制尚未明确界定。马缨丹毒性表现为三个阶段：毒素在胃肠道的释放和吸收；导致胆汁淤积、高胆红素血症、高叶绿酸血症的肝脏阶段，最后是组织阶段，其中细胞损伤是由胆红素和叶绿酸的积累引起的。因此，治疗措施应旨在阻止这些阶段中的一个或多个。讨论了控制马缨丹的不同方法，即机械、栽培、化学和生物方法及其有效性。已经提出了马缨丹植物的一些潜在用途，但尚未大规模开发利用。需要进行未来研究，以确定马缨丹毒素、马缨丹中毒的解毒剂、细胞 - 胆红素/叶绿酸相互作用、更便宜的除草剂、化感物质，最后获得更有效的食草昆虫来对抗马缨丹的威胁。
