Qu Daofeng, Shen Yang, Hu Lingfei, Jiang Xiaoyuan, Yin Zhe, Gao Bo, Zhao Yuee, Yang Wenhui, Yang Huiying, Han Jianzhong, Zhou Dongsheng
State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China,
School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China,
Infect Drug Resist. 2019 Jan 24;12:285-296. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S189168. eCollection 2019.
IncR, IncFII, IncpA1763-KPC, and IncN1 plasmids have been increasingly found among species, but plasmids with hybrid structures derived from the above-mentioned incompatibility groups have not yet been described.
Plasmids p721005-KPC, p504051-KPC, and pA3295-KPC were fully sequenced and compared with previously sequenced related plasmids pHN84KPC (IncR), pKPHS2 (IncFII), pKOX_NDM1 (IncFII), pHN7A8 (IncFII), and R46 (IncN1).
The backbone of p721005-KPC/p504051-KPC was a hybrid of the entire 10-kb IncR-type backbone from pHN84KPC, the entire 64.3-kb IncFII-type maintenance, and conjugal transfer regions from pKPHS2, a 15.5-kb IncFII-type maintenance region from pKOX_NDM1 and a 5.6-kb Inc-type backbone region from pA1763-KPC, and it contained a primary IncR replicon and two auxiliary Inc and IncN1 replicons. The backbone of pA3295-KPC was a hybrid of a 7.2-kb IncFII-type backbone region from pHN7A8, the almost entire 33.3-kb IncN1-type maintenance and conjugal transfer regions highly similar to R46, a 26.2-kb IncFII-type maintenance regions from pKPHS2, the above 15.5-kb IncFII-type maintenance region, and the above 5.6-kb Inc-type backbone region, and it contained a primary Inc-FII replicon and two auxiliary Inc and IncN1 replicons. Each of p721005-KPC, p504051-KPC, and pA3295-KPC acquired a wealth of accessory modules, carrying a range of intact and residue mobile elements (such as insertion sequences, unit transposons, and integrons) and resistance markers (such as , , and ).
In each of p721005-KPC, p504051-KPC, and pA3295-KPC, multiple replicons in coordination with maintenance and conjugation regions of various origins would maintain a broad host range and a stable replication at a steady-state plasmid copy number.
IncR、IncFII、IncpA1763-KPC和IncN1质粒在多种细菌中越来越常见，但源自上述不相容群的具有杂交结构的质粒尚未见报道。
对质粒p721005-KPC、p504051-KPC和pA3295-KPC进行全测序，并与先前测序的相关质粒pHN84KPC（IncR）、pKPHS2（IncFII）、pKOX_NDM1（IncFII）、pHN7A8（IncFII）和R46（IncN1）进行比较。
p721005-KPC/p504051-KPC的主干是来自pHN84KPC的完整10 kb IncR型主干、来自pKPHS2的完整64.3 kb IncFII型维持和接合转移区域、来自pKOX_NDM1的15.5 kb IncFII型维持区域以及来自pA1763-KPC的5.6 kb Inc型主干区域的杂交体，它包含一个主要的IncR复制子和两个辅助的Inc和IncN1复制子。pA3295-KPC的主干是来自pHN7A8的7.2 kb IncFII型主干区域、与R46高度相似的几乎整个33.3 kb IncN1型维持和接合转移区域、来自pKPHS2的26.2 kb IncFII型维持区域、上述15.5 kb IncFII型维持区域以及上述5.6 kb Inc型主干区域的杂交体，它包含一个主要的Inc-FII复制子和两个辅助的Inc和IncN1复制子。p721005-KPC、p504051-KPC和pA3295-KPC各自获得了大量的辅助模块，携带一系列完整和残留的移动元件（如插入序列、单元转座子和整合子）和抗性标记（如 、 、 和 ）。
在p721005-KPC、p504051-KPC和pA3295-KPC中，多个复制子与各种来源的维持和接合区域协同作用，将维持广泛的宿主范围并在稳定的质粒拷贝数下稳定复制。
