Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Hospital Sultan Ismail, Johor Baharu, Malaysia.
Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2019 Feb 21;23(2):12. doi: 10.1007/s11916-019-0760-6.
In this review, we discussed the types and frequencies of trigger factors of primary headache [migraine and tension-type headache (TTH)] among adult patients. We assessed the influence of geographical location, ethnicity and gender on the various trigger factors of a migraine and a TTH. We also evaluated the trigger factors among the multi-ethnic Southeast Asian adult patients. In a recent study, odor triggered more migrainous headaches compared to the other primary headaches. Odor was observed to be specific of migraines. Moreover, stress is one of the most common trigger factors for patients with migraines and TTHs worldwide. Migrainous patients have an increased sensitivity in comparison to non-migrainous patients. Furthermore, these patients have much difficulty in adapting to the high level of sensitivity, and the sensitized brain is therefore more vulnerable to trigger factors. In addition, the presence of one trigger factor may increase the exposure of other trigger factors. This phenomenon is more marked in the patients with migraines who have stress and menstruation as triggers, predisposing them to be more sensitive to other triggers. In conclusion, the geographical location factor has an influence on the trigger factors of headaches. Ethnicity may have an effect due to the cultural differences. Change in weather and sunlight are important commonly identified trigger factors for headaches. Moreover, gender differences in some trigger factors are present among the patients with headaches, especially sunlight and sleep deprivation. More research studies can be conducted to have a better understanding on trigger factors in the future. This will enable proper identification of trigger factors, leading to a decrease in the number of headache episodes and an improvement in quality of life for patients.
在这篇综述中，我们讨论了成年患者原发性头痛（偏头痛和紧张型头痛（TTH））的触发因素的类型和频率。我们评估了地理位置、种族和性别对偏头痛和 TTH 各种触发因素的影响。我们还评估了东南亚多民族成年患者的触发因素。在最近的一项研究中，气味引发的偏头痛比其他原发性头痛更多。气味被认为是偏头痛的特异性触发因素。此外，压力是全球偏头痛和 TTH 患者最常见的触发因素之一。偏头痛患者的敏感性比非偏头痛患者更高。此外，这些患者很难适应高水平的敏感性，因此敏感的大脑更容易受到触发因素的影响。此外，一个触发因素的存在可能会增加其他触发因素的暴露。这种现象在有压力和月经作为触发因素的偏头痛患者中更为明显，使他们更容易对其他触发因素敏感。总之，地理位置因素对头痛的触发因素有影响。种族可能会因文化差异而产生影响。天气和阳光的变化是头痛常见的重要触发因素。此外，头痛患者中存在一些与性别有关的触发因素差异，尤其是阳光和睡眠不足。未来可以进行更多的研究，以便更好地了解触发因素。这将有助于正确识别触发因素，减少头痛发作次数，提高患者的生活质量。
