Multiplex Genome Engineering for Optimizing Bioproduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The field of synthetic biology is already beginning to realize its potential, with a wealth of examples showcasing the successful genetic engineering of microorganisms for the production of valuable compounds. The chassis Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been engineered to function as a microfactory for producing many of these economically and medically relevant compounds. However, strain construction and optimization to produce industrially relevant titers necessitate a wealth of underpinning biological knowledge alongside large investments of capital and time. Over the past decade, advances in DNA synthesis and editing tools have enabled multiplex genome engineering of yeast, permitting access to more complex modifications that could not have been easily generated in the past. These genome engineering efforts often result in large populations of strains with genetic diversity that can pose a significant challenge to screen individually via traditional methods such as mass spectrometry. The large number of samples generated would necessitate screening methods capable of analyzing all of the strains generated to maximize the explored genetic space. In this Perspective, we focus on recent innovations in multiplex genome engineering of S. cerevisiae, together with biosensors and high-throughput screening tools, such as droplet microfluidics, and their applications in accelerating chassis optimization.