量化国家城市系统中墨西哥城市中 PM 暴露的健康影响和经济成本。
Quantifying health impacts and economic costs of PM exposure in Mexican cities of the National Urban System.
机构信息
Environmental Health Department, Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico City, Mexico.
Environmental Health Department, Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Universidad No. 655 Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
出版信息
Int J Public Health. 2019 May;64(4):561-572. doi: 10.1007/s00038-019-01216-1. Epub 2019 Mar 5.
OBJECTIVES
To estimate avoidable mortality, potential years of life lost and economic costs associated with particulate matter PM exposure for 2 years (2013 and 2015) in Mexico using two scenarios of reduced concentrations (i.e., mean annual PM concentration < 12 µg/m and mean annual PM concentration < 10 µg/m).
METHODS
The health impact assessment method was followed. This method consists of: identification of health effects, selection of concentration-response functions, estimation of exposure, quantification of impacts quantification and economic assessment using the willingness to pay and human capital approaches.
RESULTS
For 2013, we included data from 62 monitoring sites in ten cities, (113 municipalities) where 36,486,201 live. In 2015, we included 71 monitoring sites from fifteen cities (121 municipalities) and 40,479,629 inhabitants. It was observed that reduction in the annual PM average to 10 μg/would have prevented 14,666 deaths and 150,771 potential years of life lost in 2015, with estimated costs of 64,164 and 5434 million dollars, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Reducing PM concentration in the Mexican cities studied would reduce mortality by all causes by 8.1%, representing important public health benefits.
目的
利用两种浓度降低情景（即年均 PM 浓度<12μg/m 和年均 PM 浓度<10μg/m），估算墨西哥 2 年内（2013 年和 2015 年）因颗粒物（PM）暴露而导致的可避免死亡率、预期寿命损失年数和经济成本。
方法
采用健康影响评估方法。该方法包括：确定健康影响、选择浓度-反应函数、估算暴露量、量化影响并采用支付意愿和人力资本方法进行经济评估。
结果
2013 年，我们纳入了来自十个城市（113 个市）的 62 个监测点的数据，这些城市有 36486201 人居住。2015 年，我们纳入了来自十五个城市（121 个市）的 71 个监测点和 40479629 名居民的数据。结果表明，将年均 PM 浓度降低至 10μg/m 将预防 2015 年 14666 人死亡和 150771 人预期寿命损失，估计成本分别为 641.64 亿美元和 5434 亿美元。
结论
降低研究中墨西哥城市的 PM 浓度将使全因死亡率降低 8.1%，这代表着重要的公共卫生效益。
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