Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Sci Rep. 2019 Mar 12;9(1):4290. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39006-7.
We assessed anthropometry in 22,421 adult daughters in association with their mothers' tobacco smoking early in pregnancy (at their first antenatal visit) in Sweden, particularly their risk of short stature and obesity. Adult daughters were grouped by maternal smoking levels during pregnancy: Non-smokers (58.5%), Light smokers (24.1%; smoked 1-9 cigarettes/day), and Heavier smokers (17.4%; smoked ≥10 cigarettes/day). Anthropometry was recorded on the adult daughters at approximately 26.0 years of age. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥30 kg/m, and short stature as height more than two standard deviations below the population mean. Daughters whose mothers were Light and Heavier smokers in early pregnancy were 0.8 cm and 1.0 cm shorter, 2.3 kg and 2.6 kg heavier, and had BMI 0.84 kg/m and 1.15 kg/m greater, respectively, than daughters of Non-smokers. The adjusted relative risk of short stature was 55% higher in women born to smokers, irrespectively of smoking levels. Maternal smoking had a dose-dependent association with obesity risk, with offspring of Heavier smokers 61% and of Light smokers 37% more likely to be obese than the daughters of Non-smokers. In conclusion, maternal smoking in pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of short stature and obesity in their adult daughters.
我们评估了 22421 名成年女儿的人体测量学数据，这些女儿的母亲在妊娠早期（第一次产前检查时）有吸烟史，我们特别关注了她们矮小和肥胖的风险。成年女儿按照母亲在怀孕期间的吸烟水平分组：不吸烟者（58.5%）、轻度吸烟者（24.1%；每天吸烟 1-9 支）和重度吸烟者（17.4%；每天吸烟≥10 支）。成年女儿的人体测量学数据大约在 26.0 岁时记录。肥胖定义为 BMI≥30kg/m2，身材矮小定义为身高低于人群平均值两个标准差以上。与不吸烟者的女儿相比，母亲在妊娠早期轻度和重度吸烟的女儿身高分别矮 0.8cm 和 1.0cm，体重分别重 2.3kg 和 2.6kg，BMI 分别高 0.84kg/m2 和 1.15kg/m2。不论吸烟水平如何，出生于吸烟者的女性身材矮小的相对风险增加了 55%。母亲吸烟与肥胖风险呈剂量依赖性相关，重度吸烟者的后代肥胖的可能性比不吸烟者的女儿高 61%，轻度吸烟者的后代肥胖的可能性比不吸烟者的女儿高 37%。总之，妊娠期间母亲吸烟与成年女儿的矮小和肥胖风险增加有关。
