Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 900 Commonwealth Ave, Floor 2, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Department of Educational Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2019 Mar 22;21(5):32. doi: 10.1007/s11920-019-1016-1.
Few studies have examined disparities in autism services and functional outcomes over the life course. Transition to adulthood is an especially important developmental period, as it sets up trajectories of adult functioning. This systematic review summarizes patterns of service use and transition outcomes according to race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic characteristics over the transition to adulthood.
Forty studies were included. Low-income and racial/ethnic minority youth on the autism spectrum were less likely to participate in transition planning meetings, enroll in postsecondary education, find competitive employment after high school, live independently, participate in social activities, and receive health care transition services than their White and higher income peers on the autism spectrum. Racial/ethnic minority and low-income youth on the autism spectrum were more likely to be disconnected from educational, occupational, and social activities upon entering adulthood. Future research should explore the mechanisms underlying these disparities as a first step to addressing them.
目的综述：鲜有研究探讨自闭症服务和功能结果在整个生命周期中的差异。向成年期过渡是一个特别重要的发展阶段，因为它为成年后的功能轨迹奠定了基础。本系统综述根据种族、族裔和社会经济特征，总结了向成年期过渡期间服务使用和过渡结果的模式。
最近发现：共纳入 40 项研究。与自闭症谱系中的白人高收入同龄人相比，低收入和少数族裔的自闭症谱系青年参加过渡规划会议、接受高等教育、高中毕业后找到竞争性就业、独立生活、参加社交活动以及接受医疗过渡服务的可能性较小。自闭症谱系中的少数族裔和低收入青年在成年后更有可能与教育、职业和社会活动脱节。未来的研究应该探讨这些差异背后的机制，作为解决这些差异的第一步。
