Harrison Helen F, Kinsella Elizabeth Anne, DeLuca Sandra
Health and Rehabilitation Science Graduate Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
School of Nursing, Fanshawe College, London, Ontario, Canada.
Nurs Philos. 2019 Apr;20(2):e12241. doi: 10.1111/nup.12241.
The practice of nursing involves ongoing interactions between nurses' and clients' lived bodies. Despite this, several scholars have suggested that the "lived body" (Merleau-Ponty, 1962) has not been given its due place in nursing practice, education or research (Draper, J Adv Nurs, 70, 2014, 2235). With the advent of electronic health records and increased use of technology, face-to-face assessment and embodied understanding of clients' lived bodies may be on the decline. Furthermore, staffing levels may not afford the time nurses need to be as "present" with their clients in embodied ways. The failure to attend to the lived body may contribute to missed opportunities for care and decreased quality of life for both clients and healthcare practitioners. In this paper, we undertake an analysis of selected aspects of the work of Maurice Merleau-Ponty. The aim is to advance understanding of the affordances this work may offer to enhancing client-nurse interactions within the practice of nursing. Merleau-Ponty's notions of embodiment, intersubjectivity and intercorporeality as articulated in his seminal texts The Phenomenology of Perception (New York, NY: Routledge, 2012) and The Visible and the Invisible (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1968) are examined. These three constructs are discussed as they relate to the lived body in client-nurse interactions in nursing practice and education. Finally, implications of how attention to "the lived body" could shape interactions and have the potential to foster increased quality of life of clients and nurses are considered.
护理实践涉及护士与患者的活体之间持续不断的互动。尽管如此，一些学者指出，“活体”（梅洛-庞蒂，1962年）在护理实践、教育或研究中并未得到应有的重视（德雷珀，《高级护理杂志》，第70卷，2014年，第2235页）。随着电子健康记录的出现以及技术使用的增加，对患者活体的面对面评估和具体理解可能正在减少。此外，人员配备水平可能无法为护士提供以具体方式与患者“同在”所需的时间。忽视活体可能导致错过护理机会，并降低患者和医护人员的生活质量。在本文中，我们对莫里斯·梅洛-庞蒂作品的选定方面进行了分析。目的是增进对这项工作可能为加强护理实践中护患互动所提供的作用的理解。我们审视了梅洛-庞蒂在其经典著作《知觉现象学》（纽约，纽约州：劳特利奇出版社，2012年）和《可见者与不可见者》（伊利诺伊州埃文斯顿：西北大学出版社，1968年）中阐述的体现、主体间性和身体间性的概念。在护理实践和教育中，讨论了这三个概念与护患互动中活体的关系。最后，考虑了关注“活体”如何塑造互动并有可能提高患者和护士生活质量的影响。
