Montrul Silvina, Bhatia Archna, Bhatt Rakesh, Puri Vandana
Department of Spanish and Portuguese/Department of Linguistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, United States.
Front Psychol. 2019 Mar 19;10:461. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00461. eCollection 2019.
Does language dominance modulate knowledge of case marking in Hindi-speaking bilinguals? Hindi is a split ergative language with a rich morphological case system. Subjects of transitive perfective predicates are marked with ergative case (-). Human specific direct objects, indirect objects, and dative subjects are marked with the particle -. We compared knowledge of case marking in Hindi-English bilinguals with different dominance patterns: 23 balanced bilinguals and two groups of bilinguals with Hindi as their weaker language: 24 L2 learners of Hindi with age of acquisition (AoA) of Hindi in adulthood and 26 Hindi heritage speakers with AoA of Hindi since birth in oral production and acceptability judgments. The balanced bilinguals outperformed the English-dominant bilinguals; the L2 learners and the heritage speakers, who showed similar lower command of the Hindi case marking system, with the exception of - marking as a function of specificity with direct objects. We consider how dominant language transfer, AoA of Hindi, and input factors may explain the acquisition and knowledge of morphology in Hindi as the weaker language.
语言优势是否会调节说印地语的双语者对格标记的掌握？印地语是一种分裂作通格语言，具有丰富的形态格系统。及物完成体谓语的主语用作通格标记（-）。人类特定的直接宾语、间接宾语和与格主语用小品词-标记。我们比较了不同优势模式的印地语-英语双语者对格标记的掌握情况：23名平衡双语者以及两组印地语为较弱语言的双语者：24名成年后习得印地语的印地语第二语言学习者和26名自出生起就习得印地语的印地语传承者，对他们进行口语产出和可接受性判断方面的测试。平衡双语者的表现优于以英语为主的双语者；第二语言学习者和传承者对印地语格标记系统的掌握程度较低且相似，不过在直接宾语根据特定性进行-标记方面存在例外。我们探讨了优势语言迁移、印地语的习得年龄以及输入因素如何解释作为较弱语言的印地语中形态学的习得和掌握情况。
