Jahr Tuva Holt, Fergestad Marte Ekeland, Brynildsrud Ola, Brun-Hansen Hege, Skancke Ellen
Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 8146 Dep, 0033, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 8146 Dep, 0033, Oslo, Norway.
Acta Vet Scand. 2019 Apr 25;61(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s13028-019-0453-5.
Long-distance racing is known to cause alterations in haematological and serum biochemical parameters in sled dogs. Given that finishing status reflects the physical condition in dogs completing a race, such variations will mainly be the result of physiological adaption achieved during endurance exercise. However, changes observed in withdrawn dogs may indicate pathological conditions. The aim of this study was to reveal changes in haematological and serum biochemical values in sled dogs participating in a long-distance race, with emphasis on the withdrawn dogs. Sixty-five sled dogs participated in a clinical prospective cohort study: 46 dogs competed in the 600 km race (25 finishing and 21 withdrawn dogs), and 19 dogs served as controls. Blood sampling was performed early in the training season and after the race.
When compared to control dogs, both withdrawn and finishing dogs showed significant increases in neutrophil count, C-reactive protein, blood urea nitrogen and sodium/potassium ratio. Significant decreases were found in erythrocytes and eosinophil cell count, and in haematocrit, haemoglobin, total protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, potassium and calcium levels. Finishing dogs presented significant increases in white blood cells, large unstained cells, monocyte count and cortisol level compared to control dogs. In contrast, withdrawn dogs had significant elevations in alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activity, as well as parameters associated with muscle metabolism, such as aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase and phosphorus concentration.
Competing sled dogs experienced minor changes in blood parameters in general, mainly revealing the same pattern among withdrawals and finishers. This might indicate that numerous changes simply reflect physiological adaption due to endurance exercise. However, the serum concentration of muscle enzymes was significantly increased only in the withdrawals, and were well above reference ranges. This reflects muscle degradation, which could be the main cause of performance failure in some of the withdrawals.
众所周知，长途赛跑会导致雪橇犬血液学和血清生化参数发生改变。鉴于完赛状态反映了完成比赛的犬只的身体状况，此类变化主要是耐力运动期间实现的生理适应的结果。然而，在退赛犬只中观察到的变化可能表明存在病理状况。本研究的目的是揭示参加长途比赛的雪橇犬血液学和血清生化值的变化，重点关注退赛犬只。65只雪橇犬参与了一项临床前瞻性队列研究：46只犬参加了600公里比赛（25只完赛犬和21只退赛犬），19只犬作为对照。在训练季节早期和比赛后进行了血液采样。
与对照犬相比，退赛犬和完赛犬的中性粒细胞计数、C反应蛋白、血尿素氮和钠/钾比值均显著升高。红细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞计数以及血细胞比容、血红蛋白、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、肌酐、钾和钙水平均显著降低。与对照犬相比，完赛犬的白细胞、大未染色细胞、单核细胞计数和皮质醇水平显著升高。相比之下，退赛犬的丙氨酸转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶活性以及与肌肉代谢相关的参数，如天冬氨酸转氨酶、肌酸激酶和磷浓度显著升高。
一般来说，参赛雪橇犬的血液参数变化较小，退赛犬和完赛犬呈现出相同的模式。这可能表明许多变化仅仅反映了耐力运动引起的生理适应。然而，肌肉酶的血清浓度仅在退赛犬中显著升高，且远高于参考范围。这反映了肌肉退化，这可能是部分退赛犬表现不佳的主要原因。
