Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
Shenzhen Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
Pediatr Neonatol. 2019 Dec;60(6):654-661. doi: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2019.03.011. Epub 2019 Mar 28.
Prior studies have proposed that maternal intrapartum antibiotic exposure shapes the gut microbiota and, subsequently the child's health. However, the effect of maternal intrapartum antibiotic exposure and its influence on the development of the neonatal oral microbiota in early infancy has not yet been reported. The aim of this study was to compare the initial oral microbiota immediately after birth of healthy infants with and without intrapartum antibiotic exposure.
Twenty-two newborns of the BaoAn Maternal and Child Care Hospital (Shenzhen, China) were recruited for this study, 11 born to mothers without intrapartum antibiotic exposure (NT group) and 11 to mothers with intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis with cefamezin (AT group). Oral microbiome profiles were determined by 16S rRNA sequencing based on the V3V4 hyper-variable regions.
Phylum Firmicutes was most frequently detected in subjects both groups and a higher frequency was observed in the NT group than the AT group. Phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were more abundant after intrapartum antibiotics exposure. Genus Lactobacillus belonging to Firmicutes was predominant in the neonates not exposed to antibiotics, while significantly higher percentages of genera Klebsiella, Roseburia, Propionibacterium, Faecalibacterium, Escherichia/Shigella, Corynebacterium, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides were noted in AT infants than NT infants. Further function analysis demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and amino acid-related metabolic function was enriched in the AT group, and carbohydrate metabolism pathways were more abundant in the NT group.
These findings revealed distinctions in both taxa and metabolic function of oral microbiota between antibiotics-treated and unexposed groups, which indicated that maternal intrapartum antibiotic treatment is a key regulator of the initial neonatal oral microbiome.
先前的研究表明，产妇产时抗生素暴露会影响肠道微生物群，进而影响儿童的健康。然而，产妇产时抗生素暴露及其对新生儿口腔微生物群在婴儿早期发育的影响尚未见报道。本研究旨在比较产时无抗生素暴露和有抗生素暴露的健康婴儿出生后即刻的初始口腔微生物群。
本研究纳入了 22 名来自中国深圳宝安区妇幼保健院的新生儿，其中 11 名母亲在产时未使用抗生素（NT 组），11 名母亲在产时使用头孢美唑进行抗生素预防（AT 组）。通过基于 V3V4 高变区的 16S rRNA 测序来确定口腔微生物组谱。
两组受试者中最常检测到厚壁菌门（Firmicutes），且 NT 组的丰度高于 AT 组。放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）和变形菌门（Proteobacteria）在产时使用抗生素后更为丰富。属于厚壁菌门的乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）在未暴露于抗生素的新生儿中占优势，而 AT 组婴儿中明显更高比例的属有克雷伯菌属（Klebsiella）、罗斯伯里氏菌属（Roseburia）、丙酸杆菌属（Propionibacterium）、粪杆菌属（Faecalibacterium）、埃希氏菌/志贺氏菌属（Escherichia/Shigella）、棒状杆菌属（Corynebacterium）、双歧杆菌属（Bifidobacterium）和拟杆菌属（Bacteroides）。进一步的功能分析表明，AT 组中脂多糖生物合成和与氨基酸相关的代谢功能富集，而 NT 组中碳水化合物代谢途径更为丰富。
这些发现揭示了抗生素处理组和未暴露组之间口腔微生物群在分类和代谢功能上的差异，表明产妇产时抗生素治疗是新生儿口腔初始微生物群的关键调节因素。
