Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Departments of Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey.
Ital J Pediatr. 2019 May 9;45(1):59. doi: 10.1186/s13052-019-0652-8.
Free radicals found in cigarette smoke can harm all tissues and cellular structures in the human body. Passive smoking increases free radical production, leads to the depletion of antioxidants and increases oxidative stress which causes lipid peroxidation. Many studies have been conducted to determine the effects of passive smoking on antioxidant enzymes and lipid levels in adults, but pediatric studies on this topic are few. In our study, we compared the levels of antioxidants, oxidants, total and LDL cholesterol in children exposed to passive cigarette smoking with a healthy control group that was not exposed to passive smoking.
A total of 41 children (4-17 years of age, 24 girls and 17 boys) exposed to passive smoking and 18 healthy girls and 12 healthy boys were included in this study. Secondhand smoking was confirmed via measurement of the cotinine/creatinine ratio. Various sociodemographic characteristics of patients were recorded. The levels of catalase, thiol, myeloperoxidase were measured to determine the antioxidant and oxidant levels in children, while the levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were measured to determine the alterations in lipid profile.
The groups were similar in regard to demographic characteristics. Myeloperoxidase levels were significantly higher in the passive cigarette smoking group compared to the non-exposure group; however, catalase and thiol levels were similar. In regard to lipid profile, the levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were also similar in those with and without exposure to passive smoking.
Our findings suggest that the effects of passive smoking initially influence oxidants (MPO), but not antioxidants (thiol and catalase). However, it is apparent that passive smoking adversely affects oxidative balance in children and this may lead to the development of various diseases which could cause significant morbidity and mortality.
香烟烟雾中的自由基会损害人体的所有组织和细胞结构。被动吸烟会增加自由基的产生，导致抗氧化剂的消耗增加，并增加氧化应激，从而导致脂质过氧化。许多研究已经确定了被动吸烟对成年人抗氧化酶和脂质水平的影响，但关于这个主题的儿科研究很少。在我们的研究中，我们将接触被动吸烟的儿童与未接触被动吸烟的健康对照组的抗氧化剂、氧化剂、总胆固醇和 LDL 胆固醇水平进行了比较。
本研究共纳入 41 名（4-17 岁，24 名女孩和 17 名男孩）接触被动吸烟的儿童和 18 名健康女孩和 12 名健康男孩。通过测量可替宁/肌酐比值来确认二手烟的暴露情况。记录了患者的各种社会人口统计学特征。测量了过氧化氢酶、硫醇、髓过氧化物酶的水平，以确定儿童的抗氧化剂和氧化剂水平，同时测量了总胆固醇和 LDL 胆固醇的水平，以确定脂质谱的变化。
两组在人口统计学特征方面相似。与非暴露组相比，被动吸烟组的髓过氧化物酶水平显著升高，而过氧化氢酶和硫醇水平相似。在脂质谱方面，暴露于被动吸烟和不暴露于被动吸烟的儿童的总胆固醇和 LDL 胆固醇水平也相似。
我们的研究结果表明，被动吸烟的影响最初会影响氧化剂（MPO），而不是抗氧化剂（硫醇和过氧化氢酶）。然而，很明显，被动吸烟会对儿童的氧化平衡产生不利影响，这可能导致各种疾病的发生，从而导致显著的发病率和死亡率。
