Department of Psychology, York University, 4700, Keele St, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
Department of Psychology, York University, 4700, Keele St, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
Appetite. 2019 Sep 1;140:50-75. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.05.005. Epub 2019 May 7.
Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is a condition described as a pathological obsession with healthy eating. This paper will review the prevalence of ON and how ON is measured. The primary objective is to critically analyze findings on the psychosocial risk factors associated with ON, to consider its relation to other mental disorders, and to offer directions for future research. The key words "orthorexia" and "orthorexia nervosa" were searched in the databases PsycINFO and MEDLINE/PubMed. This paper reviewed peer-reviewed articles published up until December 31st, 2018. Quality assessment was conducted on each study reviewed. Results identified psychometric problems with the most common measure of ON. Gender and self-esteem were generally found to be unrelated to ON. Perfectionism, obsessive-compulsive traits, psychopathology, disordered eating, history of an eating disorder, dieting, poor body image, and drive for thinness were positively associated with greater ON. Findings between ON and the following risk factors were mixed: age, SES, BMI, belonging to a health-related field, exercise engagement, vegetarianism/veganism, body dissatisfaction, and alcohol, tobacco, and drug use. We discuss how the literature on risk factors informs understanding the nature of psychopathology of ON. Strengths and limitations of studies are reviewed and directions for future research are identified. Suggestions are made for more psychometrically valid assessment measures of ON that include questions about impairment, so that ON etiology can be accurately studied.
饮食强迫症（ON）是一种被描述为对健康饮食产生病态痴迷的病症。本文将回顾 ON 的流行情况以及如何衡量 ON。主要目的是批判性地分析与 ON 相关的心理社会风险因素的研究结果，考虑其与其他精神障碍的关系，并为未来的研究提供方向。关键词“orthorexia”和“orthorexia nervosa”在 PsycINFO 和 MEDLINE/PubMed 数据库中进行了搜索。本文回顾了截至 2018 年 12 月 31 日发表的同行评议文章。对所审查的每一项研究都进行了质量评估。结果确定了 ON 最常用衡量标准的心理计量学问题。一般来说，性别和自尊与 ON 无关。完美主义、强迫特质、精神病理学、饮食失调、饮食失调史、节食、身体形象差和对消瘦的渴望与更高的 ON 呈正相关。ON 与以下风险因素之间的研究结果存在差异：年龄、社会经济地位、BMI、从事与健康相关的领域、锻炼参与、素食主义/素食主义、身体不满以及酒精、烟草和药物使用。我们讨论了有关风险因素的文献如何帮助理解 ON 的精神病理学性质。回顾了研究的优缺点，并确定了未来研究的方向。建议对 ON 进行更具心理计量学有效性的评估措施，包括关于障碍的问题，以便能够准确研究 ON 的病因。
