Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
The National Food Agency, Sweden, Risk Benefit Assessment department, SE-751 26 Uppsala, Sweden.
Nutrients. 2019 Jun 14;11(6):1342. doi: 10.3390/nu11061342.
A high intake of added and free sugars is associated with poor diet quality, caries, and potentially has a role in non-communicable diseases. As a result, dietary guidelines advice limitation. However, there is no standardized method for estimation of added and free sugars in food items and consequently intake is difficult to measure. This study aimed to refine a procedure for sugars estimation and apply it to a Swedish dietary survey on adolescents (Riksmaten Adolescents 2016-17). A national sample of 3099 adolescents in school year 5, 8 and 11 participated (55% girls). Individual dietary intake data from two non-consecutive days was collected retrospectively and used for analysis. A ten-step systematic procedure for estimation of sugars in a Swedish context has been developed by combining two earlier methods, one for estimation of added sugars and one for free sugars. Sugars estimates were made for all food items comprising the survey database. Mainly objective decisions were necessary to make the estimates (92% and 93% for the sugars respectively); meaning that the procedure was largely transparent. In relation to Nordic Nutrition Recommendations, 45% of the participants had an intake that adhered to the guidelines. However, the majority of intakes was close to the recommendation. Further research on how specific food sources contribute to added and free sugars is necessary to facilitate further guidance on sugars and how to reach recommended target levels in Sweden.
高摄入量的添加糖和游离糖与不良饮食质量有关，并且可能与非传染性疾病有关。因此，饮食指南建议限制摄入量。然而，目前还没有一种标准化的方法来估算食物中添加糖和游离糖的含量，因此摄入量难以衡量。本研究旨在改进一种估算糖含量的方法，并将其应用于瑞典青少年饮食调查（Riksmaten Adolescents 2016-17）。该研究对 3099 名处于 5、8 和 11 年级的在校青少年进行了全国性抽样调查（55%为女生）。调查采用回顾性方法收集了连续两天的个人饮食摄入数据。通过结合两种早期方法（一种用于估算添加糖，另一种用于估算游离糖），制定了一种适用于瑞典情况的估算糖含量的十步系统程序。对调查数据库中包含的所有食物进行了糖含量估算。主要需要做出客观的决策来进行估算（分别为 92%和 93%的糖）；这意味着该程序具有很大的透明度。根据北欧营养建议，45%的参与者的摄入量符合指南。然而，大多数摄入量接近推荐量。需要进一步研究特定食物来源如何导致添加糖和游离糖的摄入，以便为瑞典提供有关糖的进一步指导以及如何达到推荐的目标水平。
