Lehmann P, Hausser D, Somaini B, Gutzwiller F
University Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1987 Oct 31;295(6606):1118-20. doi: 10.1136/bmj.295.6606.1118.
The campaign against the spread of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Switzerland includes a nationwide educational programme. A booklet about AIDS was mailed to every Swiss household in March 1986, and in 1987 there has been a mass media campaign promoting the use of condoms. We evaluated the results of the first phase--the distribution of the booklet--using a separate sample pretest and post-test design. The pretest was carried out 15 days before the booklet was mailed (sample n = 1056) and the post-test two months after the booklet was mailed (n = 1278). Of the population aged 20-69, to whom the book was sent, 56% read the booklet. For those who read the booklet compared with those who did not the results showed an improvement in knowledge and a better understanding of the risks of specific behaviours and of exposed groups and thus less fear of becoming infected through daily activities. The mean indices of knowledge and beliefs were significantly different when tested by the Kruskal-Wallis method. Having better information does not imply that people will change their behaviour, but both the high reading rate and the increase in knowledge suggest that the Swiss educational programme reached its objectives. Moreover, the success of this campaign helps to support other campaigns that are being developed to promote the use of condoms.
瑞士防治后天免疫机能丧失综合症（艾滋病）的行动包括一项全国性教育计划。1986年3月，一本关于艾滋病的小册子被邮寄到瑞士的每一个家庭，1987年开展了一场推广使用避孕套的大众媒体宣传活动。我们采用单独的样本预测试和后测试设计，对第一阶段——小册子的分发——的结果进行了评估。预测试在小册子邮寄前15天进行（样本n = 1056），后测试在小册子邮寄后两个月进行（n = 1278）。在收到这本小册子的20至69岁人群中，56%的人阅读了这本小册子。与未阅读小册子的人相比，阅读了小册子的人的结果显示，他们在知识方面有所提高，对特定行为和暴露群体的风险有了更好的理解，因此对通过日常活动感染艾滋病的恐惧也有所减少。通过克鲁斯卡尔 - 沃利斯方法进行测试时，知识和信念的平均指数存在显著差异。获得更多信息并不意味着人们会改变他们的行为，但高阅读率和知识的增加表明瑞士的教育计划达到了目标。此外，这场宣传活动的成功有助于支持其他正在开展的推广使用避孕套的宣传活动。
