Ma Weidong, Mao Qixing, Xia Wenjie, Dong Gaochao, Yu Changhua, Jiang Feng
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China.
The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Front Microbiol. 2019 Jun 25;10:1050. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01050. eCollection 2019.
Systems biology provides an opportunity to discover the role that gut microbiota play in almost all aspects of human health. Existing evidence supports the hypothesis that gut microbiota is closely related to the pharmacological effects of chemical therapy and novel targeted immunotherapy. Gut microbiota shapes the efficiency of drugs through several key mechanisms: metabolism, immunomodulation, translocation, enzymatic degradation, reduction of diversity, and ecological variability. Therefore, gut microbiota have emerged as a novel target to enhance the efficacy and reduce the toxicity and adverse effects of cancer therapy. There is growing evidence to show that cancer therapy perturbs the host immune response and results in dysbiosis of the immune system, which then influences the efficiency of the therapy. Studies suggest that gut microbes play a significant role in cancer therapy by modulating drug efficacy, abolishing the anticancer effect, and mediating toxicity. In this review, we outline the role of gut microbiota in modulating cancer therapy and the implications for improving the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in clinical practice. We also summarize the current limitations of the safety and effectiveness of probiotics in cancer therapies such as personalized cancer therapy.
系统生物学为发现肠道微生物群在人类健康几乎所有方面所起的作用提供了契机。现有证据支持肠道微生物群与化学疗法和新型靶向免疫疗法的药理作用密切相关这一假说。肠道微生物群通过几种关键机制塑造药物的疗效：代谢、免疫调节、易位、酶降解、多样性降低和生态变异性。因此，肠道微生物群已成为提高癌症治疗疗效、降低毒性和不良反应的新靶点。越来越多的证据表明，癌症治疗会扰乱宿主免疫反应并导致免疫系统失调，进而影响治疗效果。研究表明，肠道微生物通过调节药物疗效、消除抗癌作用和介导毒性在癌症治疗中发挥重要作用。在本综述中，我们概述了肠道微生物群在调节癌症治疗中的作用以及对提高临床化疗和免疫治疗疗效的意义。我们还总结了益生菌在个性化癌症治疗等癌症治疗中安全性和有效性方面目前存在的局限性。
