Troiano G, Nante N
Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Italy.
J Prev Med Hyg. 2019 Jun 28;60(2):E71-E75. doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2019.60.2.891. eCollection 2019 Jun.
Trichinellosis is a worldwide zooantroponosis caused by a nematode of the genus Trichinella that can pose a risk to human health. Among the species of Trichinella, T. Spiralis is the most common represented. The main source of human infection is the consumption of raw or undercooked meat (especially from pigs, wild boars and horses). Infection with Trichinella was one of the most frequent parasitic diseases in Italy until 1959 when obligatory screening for these parasites in slaughtered swines was introduced. As the last review on this topic was performed in 1989, the aim of our study was to describe the epidemiology of Trichinellosis in Italy from 1989 to 2017.
We performed a systematic research in Pubmed (MEDLINE).
We included in our review studies that were published in the peer reviewed literature using the MESH terms "Trichinellosis" and "Italy". The only restrictions were the language (articles should be in English, Italian, Spanish or French) and the date of publication: from 1989 to March 2017. We excluded all the articles which referred to trichinellosis in the animals or which focused only on molecular biology of trichinella or on diagnostic techniques.
We found 56 studies, but only 8 were considered eligible. During the study period, 764 cases of Trichinellosis occurred in Italy: 13.7% caused by T. Britovi and 84.4% by T. spiralis; in 14 cases the identification of the parasite was not performed. The outbreaks occurred in Umbria, Piedmont, Apulia (500 cases in 1990, by T. spiralis), Basilicata, Tuscany, Abruzzo, Emilia Romagna, Sardinia. In 2001 and in 2008 two outbreaks occurred in Lazio and Veneto respectively, but imported from abroad. The most important sources of infections were: horse meat (82.2%); wild boar meat (11.9%); pig meat (5.9%).
Trichinellosis is still present in Italy, but often forgotten by general practitioners and infectious diseases specialists. It's pivotal to improve awareness about this parasitic disease in Physicians and veterinarians. A strict surveillance, especially on meat products from endemic countries or from wild animals is necessary to considerably reduce the risk of acquiring the infection.
旋毛虫病是一种由旋毛虫属线虫引起的全球人畜共患病，会对人类健康构成风险。在旋毛虫的种类中，旋毛形线虫最为常见。人类感染的主要来源是食用生肉或未煮熟的肉（尤其是猪肉、野猪和马肉）。直到1959年意大利开始对屠宰猪进行强制性寄生虫筛查之前，旋毛虫感染一直是意大利最常见的寄生虫病之一。由于上一次关于该主题的综述是在1989年进行的，我们研究的目的是描述1989年至2017年意大利旋毛虫病的流行病学情况。
我们在PubMed（MEDLINE）上进行了系统检索。
我们纳入了在同行评审文献中发表的、使用医学主题词“旋毛虫病”和“意大利”的研究。唯一的限制是语言（文章应为英语、意大利语、西班牙语或法语）和发表日期：1989年至2017年3月。我们排除了所有提及动物旋毛虫病或仅关注旋毛虫分子生物学或诊断技术的文章。
我们找到了56项研究，但只有8项被认为符合条件。在研究期间，意大利共发生764例旋毛虫病病例：13.7%由布氏旋毛虫引起，84.4%由旋毛形线虫引起；14例未进行寄生虫鉴定。疫情发生在翁布里亚、皮埃蒙特、阿普利亚（1990年有500例，由旋毛形线虫引起）、巴西利卡塔、托斯卡纳、阿布鲁佐、艾米利亚 - 罗马涅、撒丁岛。2001年和2008年分别在拉齐奥和威尼托发生了两起疫情，但均为从国外输入。最重要的感染源是：马肉（82.2%）；野猪肉（11.9%）；猪肉（5.9%）。
旋毛虫病在意大利仍然存在，但常常被全科医生和传染病专家忽视。提高医生和兽医对这种寄生虫病的认识至关重要。严格的监测，尤其是对来自流行国家或野生动物的肉类产品的监测，对于大幅降低感染风险是必要的。
