Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) -"Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Sorocaba, Laboratório de Nanotecnologia Ambiental, Av. Três de Março, 511, Alto da Boa Vista, 18087-180, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Campus Sorocaba, Departamento de Biologia (CCHB), Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação e Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia e Biomarcadores em Animais, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, 18052-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) -"Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Campus Rio Claro, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS), Av. 24 A, 1515, Jardim Bela Vista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
Chemosphere. 2019 Dec;236:124282. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.07.013. Epub 2019 Jul 8.
Nanotechnology has the potential to overcome the challenges of sustainable agriculture, and nanopesticides can control agricultural pests and increase farm productivity with little environmental impact. However, it is important to evaluate their toxicity on non-target organisms, such as honeybees (Apis mellifera) that forage on crops. The aims of this study were to develop a nanopesticide that was based on solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) loaded with pyrethrum extract (PYR) and evaluate its physicochemical properties and short-term toxicity on a non-target organism (honeybee). SLN + PYR was physicochemically stable after 120 days. SLN + PYR had a final diameter of 260.8 ± 3.7 nm and a polydispersion index of 0.15 ± 0.02 nm, in comparison with SLN alone that had a diameter of 406.7 ± 6.7 nm and a polydispersion index of 0.39 ± 0.12 nm. SLN + PYR had an encapsulation efficiency of 99%. The survival analysis of honeybees indicated that PYR presented shorter longevity than those in the control group (P ≤ 0.01). Empty nanoparticles and PYR caused morphological alterations in the bees' midguts, whereas pyrethrum-loaded nanoparticles had no significant effect on digestive cells, so are considered safer, at least in the short term, for honeybees. These results are important in understanding the effects of nanopesticides on beneficial insects and may decrease the environmental impacts of pesticides.
纳米技术有可能克服可持续农业的挑战，而纳米农药可以控制农业害虫，提高农场生产力，同时对环境的影响很小。然而，评估它们对非目标生物（如在作物上觅食的蜜蜂）的毒性是很重要的。本研究的目的是开发一种基于负载除虫菊素提取物（PYR）的固体脂质纳米粒（SLN）的纳米农药，并评估其物理化学性质和对非目标生物（蜜蜂）的短期毒性。SLN+PYR 在 120 天后物理化学性质稳定。与单独的 SLN 相比，SLN+PYR 的最终直径为 260.8±3.7nm，多分散指数为 0.15±0.02nm，而单独的 SLN 的直径为 406.7±6.7nm，多分散指数为 0.39±0.12nm。SLN+PYR 的包封效率为 99%。蜜蜂的生存分析表明，与对照组相比，PYR 表现出较短的寿命（P≤0.01）。空纳米颗粒和 PYR 导致蜜蜂中肠的形态改变，而负载除虫菊素的纳米颗粒对消化细胞没有显著影响，因此至少在短期内对蜜蜂来说更安全。这些结果对于理解纳米农药对有益昆虫的影响很重要，并可能减少农药对环境的影响。
