Machado João Cláudio, Ribeiro João, Palheta Carlos Ewerton, Alcântara Chellsea, Barreira Daniel, Guilherme José, Garganta Júlio, Scaglia Alcides José
Human Performance Laboratory (LEDEHU), Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.
Faculty of Physical Education, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
Front Psychol. 2019 Jul 9;10:1554. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01554. eCollection 2019.
The present study aimed to investigate how team's tactical behavior varies within and between age categories in different Small-Sided and Conditioned Games' configurations and conditions. Twenty non-elite youth male soccer players (U15, = 10, mean age = 13.5 ± 1.2 years; U17, = 10, mean age = 16.3 ± 0.5 years) were selected. Thirty-six Small-Sided and Conditioned Games (SSCG) were played in both categories, namely three Representative SSCG (R-SSCG), three Maintaining Ball Possession Games (MBPG) and three Progression to Target Games (PTG) performed for each configuration (Gk+3vs3+Gk and Gk+4vs4+Gk). Teams' tactical behavior was analyzed based on simple and composite performance indicators, as well as through Lag Sequential Analysis. Rules manipulation and SSCG configurations influenced teams' tactical behavior on both categories, but in different ways. Teams composed by younger players presented greater difficulties in MBPG played in smaller games configuration, while Gk+4vs4+Gk configuration can be used to enhance teams' tactical performance of younger players in R-SSCG and MBPG conditions. Moreover, increasing rules manipulations appeared to negatively impact on teams' exploratory behavior. Therefore, practitioners should carefully manipulate key constraints to adapt task demands to players' age category and training session's goals in order to enhance tactical performance.
本研究旨在调查在不同的小型和条件比赛配置及条件下，不同年龄组内和年龄组之间球队的战术行为如何变化。选取了20名非精英青年男性足球运动员（U15组，n = 10，平均年龄 = 13.5 ± 1.2岁；U17组，n = 10，平均年龄 = 16.3 ± 0.5岁）。两个年龄组都进行了36场小型和条件比赛（SSCG），即针对每种配置（守门员+3对3+守门员和守门员+4对4+守门员）进行三场代表性SSCG（R - SSCG）、三场控球比赛（MBPG）和三场向目标推进比赛（PTG）。基于简单和综合性能指标以及通过滞后序列分析来分析球队的战术行为。规则操纵和SSCG配置以不同方式影响了两个年龄组球队的战术行为。由较年轻球员组成的球队在较小比赛配置下进行的MBPG中表现出更大困难，而在R - SSCG和MBPG条件下，守门员+4对4+守门员配置可用于提高较年轻球员的战术表现。此外，增加规则操纵似乎对球队的探索行为产生负面影响。因此，从业者应谨慎操纵关键限制因素，以使任务要求适应球员的年龄组和训练课目标，从而提高战术表现。
