Departamento de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud, Montes Urales 800, Miguel Hidalgo, Lomas Virreyes, Ciudad de México CP 11000, México.
Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud, Montes Urales 800, Miguel Hidalgo, Lomas Virreyes, Ciudad de México CP 11000, México.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Jul 26;16(15):2671. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16152671.
Skipping breakfast might have an impact on cognitive functions, such as interference, which is a basic capacity of executive functions that denotes the possibility of controlling an automated response. This study aimed to analyze the association between nutritional quality of breakfast and cognitive interference in a sample of university students. A cross-sectional study was conducted, a total of 422 students between 18 and 25 years participated. Cognitive interference was assessed with the Stroop Test. Breakfast was assessed with a questionnaire assigning a score for each serving of each food group that was consumed. Logistic regression models were performed. The performance in cognitive tasks was slower in those who had a poor breakfast (32.9 ± 6 vs 29.3 ± 6 s, < 0.050). Poor cognitive interference was greater in students with poor breakfast (53% versus 23%, = 0.001). A slower word reading was associated with skipping vegetables (OR: 2.78, 95% CI: 0.09-2.13), and cereals (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.03-2.81). Wrong color identification was associated with skipping fruits (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.43-1.99) and animal protein sources (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.07-2.49). Skipping fat-rich cereals was a protector factor (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.36-0.85). Difficulty in the ability to inhibit interference was associated with skipping vegetables (OR: 2.72, 95% CI: 1.25-4.80) and cereals (OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.28-4.68). The nutritional quality of breakfast was associated with the time spent answering the Stroop test, but not with cognitive interference.
不吃早餐可能会对认知功能产生影响，例如干扰，这是执行功能的基本能力，它表示控制自动反应的可能性。本研究旨在分析大学生样本中早餐的营养质量与认知干扰之间的关系。进行了一项横断面研究，共有 422 名 18 至 25 岁的学生参与。使用 Stroop 测试评估认知干扰。早餐通过问卷调查评估，为每个食用的食物组的份量分配一个分数。进行逻辑回归模型分析。在认知任务中的表现较慢的是那些早餐较差的人（32.9 ± 6 与 29.3 ± 6 s， < 0.050）。早餐较差的学生中，认知干扰较大（53%比 23%， = 0.001）。跳过蔬菜（OR：2.78，95%CI：0.09-2.13）和谷物（OR：1.70，95%CI：1.03-2.81）与阅读单词较慢有关。跳过水果（OR：1.55，95%CI：1.43-1.99）和动物蛋白来源（OR：1.63，95%CI：1.07-2.49）与颜色识别错误有关。富含脂肪的谷物是一种保护因素（OR：0.55，95%CI：0.36-0.85）。抑制干扰能力的困难与跳过蔬菜（OR：2.72，95%CI：1.25-4.80）和谷物（OR：2.65，95%CI：1.28-4.68）有关。早餐的营养质量与完成 Stroop 测试所需的时间有关，但与认知干扰无关。
