Gibson A D, Yale G, Vos A, Corfmat J, Airikkala-Otter I, King A, Wallace R M, Gamble L, Handel I G, Mellanby R J, Bronsvoort B M de C, Mazeri S
Mission Rabies, Cranborne, Dorset, United Kingdom.
The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom.
Vaccine X. 2019 Mar 1;1:100015. doi: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2019.100015. eCollection 2019 Apr 11.
Rabies has profound public health, social and economic impacts on developing countries, with an estimated 59,000 annual human rabies deaths globally. Mass dog vaccination is effective at eliminating the disease but remains challenging to achieve in India due to the high proportion of roaming dogs that cannot be readily handled for parenteral vaccination. Two methods for the vaccination of dogs that could not be handled for injection were compared in Goa, India; the oral bait handout (OBH) method, where teams of two travelled by scooter offering dogs an empty oral bait construct, and the catch-vaccinate-release (CVR) method, where teams of seven travel by supply vehicle and use nets to catch dogs for parenteral vaccination. Both groups parenterally vaccinated any dogs that could be held for vaccination. The OBH method was more efficient on human resources, accessing 35 dogs per person per day, compared to 9 dogs per person per day through CVR. OBH accessed 80% of sighted dogs, compared to 63% by CVR teams, with OBH accessing a significantly higher proportion of inaccessible dogs in all land types. All staff reported that they believed OBH would be more successful in accessing dogs for vaccination. Fixed operational team cost of CVR was four times higher than OBH, at 127 USD per day, compared to 34 USD per day. Mean per dog vaccination cost of CVR was 2.53 USD, whilst OBH was 2.29 USD. Extrapolation to a two week India national campaign estimated that 1.1 million staff would be required using CVR, but 293,000 staff would be needed for OBH. OBH was operationally feasible, economical and effective at accessing the free roaming dog population. This study provides evidence for the continued expansion of research into the use of OBH as a supplementary activity to parenteral mass dog vaccination activities in India.
狂犬病对发展中国家有着深远的公共卫生、社会和经济影响，全球每年估计有59000人死于狂犬病。大规模犬类疫苗接种对消除该疾病有效，但在印度实现这一目标仍具有挑战性，因为有很大比例的流浪犬难以轻易捕获以进行非肠道疫苗接种。在印度果阿邦，对两种无法进行注射疫苗接种的犬类疫苗接种方法进行了比较；口服诱饵发放（OBH）方法，即两人一组骑摩托车给犬只提供空的口服诱饵制剂，以及捕获-接种-放归（CVR）方法，即七人一组乘坐供应车辆并用网捕获犬只进行非肠道疫苗接种。两组都对任何能够抓住进行疫苗接种的犬只进行了非肠道疫苗接种。OBH方法在人力资源方面更高效，每人每天能接触到35只犬只，而通过CVR方法每人每天只能接触到9只犬只。OBH方法接触到了80%有视力的犬只，而CVR团队接触到的比例为63%，在所有土地类型中，OBH方法接触到的难以接近的犬只比例显著更高。所有工作人员都报告说，他们认为OBH方法在让犬只接受疫苗接种方面会更成功。CVR的固定运营团队成本比OBH高四倍，CVR为每天127美元，而OBH为每天34美元。CVR每只犬的平均疫苗接种成本为2.53美元，而OBH为2.29美元。推算印度全国为期两周的活动估计，使用CVR方法需要110万工作人员，但OBH方法只需29.3万工作人员。OBH方法在接触自由放养的犬类群体方面在操作上可行、经济且有效。本研究为继续扩大将OBH作为印度非肠道大规模犬类疫苗接种活动的补充活动的研究提供了证据。
