Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19968 35113, Iran.
Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 671584 7141, Iran.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2019 Aug 5;55(8):439. doi: 10.3390/medicina55080439.
Although studies have elucidated the significant biomedical potential of biogenic metallic nanoparticles (MNPs), it is very important to explore the hazards associated with the use of biogenic MNPs. Evidence indicates that genetic toxicity causes mutation, carcinogenesis, and cell death. Therefore, we systematically review original studies that investigated the genotoxic effect of biologically synthesized MNPs via in vitro and in vivo models. Articles were systematically collected by screening the literature published online in the following databases; Cochrane, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, and EBSCO. : Most of the studies were carried out on the MCF-7 cancer cell line and phytosynthesis was the general approach to MNP preparation in all studies. Fungi were the second most predominant resource applied for MNP synthesis. A total of 80.57% of the studies synthesized biogenic MNPs with sizes below 50 nm. The genotoxicity of Ag, Au, ZnO, TiO, Se, Cu, Pt, Zn, Ag-Au, CdS, FeO, TbO, and Si-Ag NPs was evaluated. AgNPs, prepared in 68.79% of studies, and AuNPs, prepared in 12.76%, were the two most predominant biogenic MNPs synthesized and evaluated in the included articles. : Although several studies reported the antigenotoxic influence of biogenic MNPs, most of them reported biogenic MNP genotoxicity at specific concentrations and with a dose or time dependence. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically evaluate the genotoxicity of biologically synthesized MNPs and provide a valuable summary of genotoxicity data. In conclusion, our study implied that the genotoxicity of biologically synthesized MNPs varies case-by-case and highly dependent on the synthesis parameters, biological source, applied assay, etc. The gathered data are required for the translation of these nanoproducts from research laboratories to the clinical market.
虽然研究已经阐明了生物成因的金属纳米粒子（MNPs）具有重要的生物医学潜力，但探索与生物成因 MNPs 使用相关的危害非常重要。有证据表明，遗传毒性会导致突变、致癌和细胞死亡。因此，我们系统地回顾了通过体外和体内模型研究生物合成 MNPs 的遗传毒性效应的原始研究。通过筛选以下在线文献数据库发表的文献，系统地收集了文章：Cochrane、Web of Science、PubMed、Scopus、Science Direct、ProQuest 和 EBSCO。大多数研究都在 MCF-7 癌细胞系上进行，植物合成是所有研究中制备 MNP 的一般方法。真菌是应用于 MNP 合成的第二大主要资源。总共 80.57%的研究合成了尺寸小于 50nm 的生物成因 MNPs。评估了 Ag、Au、ZnO、TiO、Se、Cu、Pt、Zn、Ag-Au、CdS、FeO、TbO 和 Si-Ag NPs 的遗传毒性。AgNPs 在 68.79%的研究中制备，AuNPs 在 12.76%的研究中制备，是包含文章中合成和评估的两种最主要的生物成因 MNPs。尽管一些研究报告了生物成因 MNPs 的抗原毒性影响，但大多数研究报告了在特定浓度下和剂量或时间依赖性的生物成因 MNP 遗传毒性。据我们所知，这是第一项系统评估生物合成 MNPs 遗传毒性的研究，并提供了遗传毒性数据的有价值总结。总之，我们的研究表明，生物合成 MNPs 的遗传毒性因情况而异，高度依赖于合成参数、生物来源、应用的测定等。这些纳米产品从研究实验室转化为临床市场需要收集这些数据。
