Jalilian Marzieh Mansoori, Safarpour Hamid, Bazyar Jafar, Keykaleh Meysam Safi, Malekyan Leila, Khorshidi Ali
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Med Arch. 2019 Jun;73(3):169-172. doi: 10.5455/medarh.2019.73.169-172.
Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are the most serious health issue in the world and the main cause of death after the first year of birth. Environmental factors are among the most important and effective aspects of RTIs occurrences and their human consequences.
This study aimed to identify the environmental factors associated with road traffic accidents (RTAs) in Ilam province.
All crash data in Ilam province in 2012 were investigated. RTI's data was collected using COM 114 form which included some human, environmental and vehicle related factors. Through Chi-Square test and logistic regression model, the association between environmental factors and RTIs was examined. For all statistical analyses we used the package Stata 13.1.
A total of 2314 traffic accidents were investigated. The highest 1659 (72.3%) and lowest 19 (0.83%) frequency of RTAs occurred during day and sunrise respectively. The majority of RTAs took place in July and September. The maximum number of RTAs was when the day was clear (91.7%) 2103 and the minimum when it was cloudy (3.5%) 81. A significant relationship was found between fatal RTAs and factors such as; the sort of the road, the hindered visibility, the location of the accident, the accidents' place, the climate, and lighting of the day (P<0.05). The adjusted chance of traffic accidents causing death or injuries in main streets was 9.7 times more than in highways; in sidetracks it was 3.54 times more. And when it was cloudy, the chance was 2.60 times more than when was clear (P<0.05).
Regarding the standards of road construction, development of the roads, and educating drivers how to adjust their driving behavior to the environment and road conditions could have a great role in decreasing RTAs causing death or injury.
道路交通伤害（RTIs）是世界上最严重的健康问题，也是出生后第一年之后的主要死亡原因。环境因素是道路交通伤害发生及其对人类造成后果的最重要和最有效方面之一。
本研究旨在确定伊拉姆省与道路交通事故（RTAs）相关的环境因素。
对2012年伊拉姆省的所有碰撞数据进行了调查。使用COM 114表格收集道路交通伤害数据，该表格包括一些与人类、环境和车辆相关的因素。通过卡方检验和逻辑回归模型，研究环境因素与道路交通伤害之间的关联。所有统计分析均使用Stata 13.1软件包。
共调查了2314起交通事故。道路交通伤害发生频率最高的是白天，为1659起（72.3%），最低的是日出时，为19起（0.83%）。大多数交通事故发生在7月和9月。交通事故发生数量最多的时候是天气晴朗时（91.7%），为2103起，最少的时候是多云时（3.5%），为81起。在致命的道路交通伤害与诸如道路类型、能见度受阻、事故地点、事故发生场所、气候和当天光照等因素之间发现了显著关系（P<0.05）。在主干道上导致死亡或受伤的交通事故的调整后几率比在高速公路上高9.7倍；在岔道上高3.54倍。而且当天气多云时，几率比天气晴朗时高2.60倍（P<0.05）。
关于道路建设标准、道路发展以及教育驾驶员如何根据环境和道路状况调整驾驶行为，对于减少导致死亡或伤害的道路交通事故可能会起到很大作用。
